==== Paradigm shift ====

A **paradigm shift** is a fundamental change in the underlying assumptions, approaches, or methodologies within a particular field or discipline. The term was popularized by philosopher of science Thomas Kuhn to describe transformative changes in scientific thought.

In the context of [[neurosurgery]], a paradigm shift might refer to the transition from traditional [[2D imaging]] to immersive technologies like [[3D virtual reality]] and [[3D printing]] for [[preoperative planning]]. These innovations redefine how surgeons visualize anatomy, plan interventions, and ultimately improve [[patient safety]] and surgical outcomes.

Such shifts often lead to new standards of practice, replacing older models that are no longer sufficient to address evolving clinical challenges.