====== Orbital wall fracture ======

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An "orbital wall fracture" refers to a break or damage in one of the walls of the [[orbit]], which is the bony socket that houses the eye. The orbit has several walls, including the medial (inner), lateral (outer), superior (upper), and inferior (lower) walls. Fractures in any of these walls can occur due to trauma or injury to the [[face]].

These fractures may lead to various complications, such as displacement of intraorbital contents, herniation of orbital fat, and potential damage to surrounding structures like the [[sinus]]es or [[optic nerve]]. Treatment often involves assessing the extent of the fracture and may include surgical intervention to restore the normal anatomy and function of the orbit.

===== Case report from HGUA =====

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Multiple comminuted left [[craniofacial fracture]]s.

[[Skull fracture]]s: left parietal, temporal, and frontal bones, with herniation of brain parenchyma through them. Soft tissue hematoma in the left [[facial]] region with [[scalp]] involvement in the temporal and parietal regions.
Fractures of the left zygomaticomaxillary complex: [[zygomatic arch]], anterior and posterior walls of the [[maxillary sinus]], [[frontal sinus fracture]] and hematosinus. Also associated with subcutaneous emphysema adjacent to the fractures.

[[Sphenoid bone fracture]] with involvement of both sinus walls, noting a fracture line in the [[clivus]] extending to the [[carotid canal]]. 

Longitudinal and oblique fracture of the left petrous part, extending to the anterior wall of the [[external auditory canal]] (CAE) 
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The left [[orbital wall fracture]] is associated with inferior and lateral displacement of intraorbital contents, with herniation of extraconal fat into the [[maxillary sinus]] and slight displacement of the inferior rectus, without thickening of the same.


[[Zygomaticomaxillary complex fracture]]s: Fractures of the left zygomaticomaxillary complex with inferolateral displacement: [[zygomatic arch]], anterior and posterior walls of the [[maxillary sinus]], with involvement of the [[frontal sinus]] and hematosinus.

[[Skull base fracture]]s affecting the body, walls of the [[sinus]]es, and greater wing of the left [[sphenoid bone]], noting a fracture line in the clivus extending to the carotid canal.

Longitudinal fracture line affecting the petrous part with probable incudomalleolar subluxation and hemotympanum, continuing with a fracture line of the greater wing of the [[sphenoid bone]].