Caution: serious reactions can occur with inadvertent [[intrathecal]] injection (e.g. for [[myelography]], [[cisternography]], [[ventriculography]]...) of [[iodinated contrast media]] that are not specifically indicated for [[intrathecal]] use (including ionic contrast agents as well as some non-ionic agents (e.g. [[Optiray]]®, Reno-60...)). This can cause uncontrollable [[seizure]]s, [[intracerebral hemorrhage]], [[cerebral edema]], [[coma]], [[paralysis]], [[arachnoiditis]], [[myoclonus]] (tonic-clonic muscle spasms), [[rhabdomyolysis]] with subsequent [[renal failure]], [[hyperthermia]], and respiratory compromise, with a significant fatality rate
((Rivera E, Hardjasudarma M, Willis BK, et al. Inadvertent Use of Ionic Contrast Material in Myelography: Case Report and Management Guidelines. Neurosurgery. 1995; 36:413–415)).