====== Obstructive Hydrocephalus Etiology ====== {{rss>https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/rss/search/1TWNL8VBB7Dl4JKbISYkCddO5YnJpOEzzCNbGZ3sB73wfBlYeU/?limit=15&utm_campaign=pubmed-2&fc=20230117063615}} ---- ---- Obstructive hydrocephalus typically is caused by a blockage in the normal circulation of CSF within the brain. This can be due to the scarring of a ventricle or a tumor. When the obstruction is due to a tumor, it is important to realize that the tumor has only a 10% chance for growth and the only treatment required is for the hydrocephalus. In children with [[congenital malformation]]s that do not allow CSF to flow properly, or In adults or children, when tumors or blood clots obstruct CSF circulation, or As a result of [[injury]] or [[infection]]. A study confirms the trend of the predominance of congenital causes of hydrocephalus in [[Africa]], even if maternal infections can be involved in the development of some of them. The morbimortality of this pathology remains important, especially concerning neurocognitive outcomes ((Kpélao E, Ahanogbé KMH, Egu K, Doléagbénou AK, Moumouni AEK, Sossoukpe S, Ségbédji KK, Bakondé HE, Lawson D, Abaltou B, Abdoulaye HM, Békéti KA. Children hydrocephalus in Togo: etiologies, treatment, and outcomes. Surg Neurol Int. 2022 Dec 2;13:560. doi: 10.25259/SNI_927_2022. PMID: 36600766; PMCID: PMC9805628.)) Examples: [[Pineal germinoma]]. ---- [[Obstructive hydrocephalus]] secondary to enlarged [[Virchow Robin space]] (VRS) is a rare entity, with only a handful of cases reported in the literature. Presenting symptoms varies widely from headaches, through to dizziness. Donaldson et al. report a 31 year old male who presents with [[pulsatile tinnitus]] and an MRI showing obstructive hydrocephalus secondary to tumefactive VRS. After a CSF diversion procedure in the form of an ETV he had almost complete resolution of his symptoms. This is the first case of obstructive hydrocephalus secondary to enlarged Virchow-Robin spaces, presenting with pulsatile tinnitus ((Donaldson C, Chatha G, Chandra RV, Goldschlager T. Obstructive hydrocephalus secondary to enlarged Virchow-Robin spaces: A rare cause of pulsatile tinnitus. World Neurosurg. 2017 Mar 4. pii: S1878-8750(17)30292-9. doi: 10.1016/j.wneu.2017.02.119. [Epub ahead of print] PubMed PMID: 28268131. )). Obstructive hydrocephalus from enlarged [[massa intermedia]] ((Vastani A, Al-Faiadh W, O Chieng D, Siddiqui A, Bleil C, Singh R, Zebian B. Obstructive hydrocephalus due to an enlarged massa intermedia treated with endoscopic third ventriculostomy. Br J Neurosurg. 2023 Jan 16:1-4. doi: 10.1080/02688697.2022.2159924. Epub ahead of print. PMID: 36647190.)). ===== Obstructive hydrocephalus from posterior fossa tumors ===== [[Obstructive hydrocephalus from posterior fossa tumor]]. ===== Obstructive hydrocephalus from intracranial colloid cyst ===== [[Obstructive hydrocephalus from intracranial colloid cyst]]. ===== Obstructive hydrocephalus from intracranial arachnoid cyst ===== Large [[intracranial arachnoid cyst]]s in locations compressing CSF[[ pathway]]s causing [[hydrocephalus]] are also candidates for surgical fenestration ((Beltagy MAE, Enayet AER. Surgical indications in pediatric arachnoid cysts. Childs Nerv Syst. 2022 Oct 26. doi: 10.1007/s00381-022-05709-y. Epub ahead of print. PMID: 36284010.)). ===== Obstructive hydrocephalus from central neurocytoma ===== [[Obstructive hydrocephalus from central neurocytoma]].