====== Neurorobotics ======

The [[nervous system]] is a vital part of [[organism]]s to survive and it endows them with remarkable abilities, such as [[perception]], [[recognition]], [[regulation]], [[learning]], and [[decision-making]], by intertwining myriad [[neuron]]s. To realize such outstanding efficacies and [[function]]s, many [[artificial]] [[device]]s and [[system]]s have been investigated to emulate the operating principles of the nervous system. An artificial [[reflex arc]] (ARA) and artificial pain modulation system (APMS) are proposed to imitate the unconscious behaviors of the [[spinal cord]]. Gdx Oy - and Alx Oy -based charge-regulated field-effect transistors (CRFETs) with a monolayer [[graphene]] channel were fabricated and adopted as inhibitory and excitatory synapses, respectively, under the same [[pulse]] [[signal]]s to mimic the biological reflex arc through a connection with a poly(vinylidene fluoride-co-trifluoroethylene)-based actuator. Additionally, a memristor was integrated with a CRFET as the [[interneuron]] to regulate the Dirac point by controlling the [[voltage]] drop on the graphene channel, analogous to the [[descending pain pathway]] in the spinal cord, to prevent excessive [[pain]] perception. The proposed ARA and APMS have provided a significant step forward to realizing the functions of the nervous system, giving promising potential for developing future intelligent alarm systems, [[neuroprosthetics]], and [[neurorobotics]]
((Fu Y, Chan YT, Jiang YP, Chang KH, Wu HC, Lai CS, Wang JC. Polarity-Differentiated Dielectric Materials in Monolayer Graphene Charge-Regulated Field-Effect Transistors for an Artificial Reflex Arc and Pain Modulation System of the Spinal Cord. Adv Mater. 2022 May 26:e2202059. doi: 10.1002/adma.202202059. Epub ahead of print. PMID: 35619163.)).