====== Neuropsychiatry ======

Neuropsychiatry or Organic Psychiatry is a branch of medicine that deals with [[mental disorder]]s attributable to diseases of the nervous system.
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[[Deep brain stimulation]] (DBS) has emerged as a promising [[therapy]] for neuropsychiatric illnesses, including [[depression]] and [[obsessive-compulsive disorder]], but has shown inconsistent results in prior [[clinical trial]]s. Allawala et al. proposes a shift away from the empirical [[paradigm]] for developing new DBS applications, traditionally based on testing brain targets with conventional stimulation paradigms. Instead, Allawala et al. proposed a multimodal approach centered on an individualized intracranial investigation adapted from the epilepsy monitoring experience, which integrates comprehensive behavioral assessment, such as the Research Domain Criteria proposed by the National Institutes of Mental Health. In this paradigm-shifting approach, they combine readouts obtained from neurophysiology, behavioral assessments, and self-report during broad exploration of stimulation parameters and behavioral tasks to inform the selection of ideal DBS parameters. Such an approach not only provides a foundational understanding of dysfunctional circuits underlying symptom domains in neuropsychiatric conditions but also aims to identify generalizable principles that can ultimately enable individualization and optimization of therapy without intracranial monitoring
((Allawala A, Bijanki KR, Goodman W, Cohn JF, Viswanathan A, Yoshor D, Borton DA, Pouratian N, Sheth SA. A Novel Framework for Network-Targeted Neuropsychiatric Deep Brain Stimulation. Neurosurgery. 2021 Jul 15;89(2):E116-E121. doi: 10.1093/neuros/nyab112. PMID: 33913499; PMCID: PMC8279838.))
((Brown NJ, Lien BV, Wilson CM, Detchou DKE. Letter: A Novel Framework for Network-Targeted Neuropsychiatric Deep Brain Stimulation. Neurosurgery. 2021 Jul 31:nyab284. doi: 10.1093/neuros/nyab284. Epub ahead of print. PMID: 34332510.)).