Neural connections refer to the pathways that enable communication between different neurons in the brain. These connections are responsible for transmitting information between different regions of the brain, allowing for the integration of sensory information, motor control, and cognitive processes.

There are two main types of neural connections: synapses and axons. Synapses are the tiny gaps between neurons where chemical neurotransmitters are released, allowing for communication between neurons. Axons are the long, thin fibers that extend from neurons and transmit electrical signals to other neurons, muscles, or glands.

The organization of neural connections in the brain is highly complex and specific, with different regions of the brain being responsible for different functions. For example, the visual cortex is responsible for processing visual information, while the motor cortex is responsible for controlling movement. These specialized regions are connected by specific neural pathways, allowing for the efficient processing and integration of information.

Advances in neuroimaging techniques, such as diffusion tensor imaging (DTI), have allowed researchers to map the neural connections in the brain, creating a "connectome" that provides a detailed picture of the brain's neural architecture. This information is increasingly being used to inform the development of new treatments for neurological disorders, such as connectome-guided resection for brain tumors and epilepsy, and deep brain stimulation for movement disorders.