====== Multifocal lumbar pathology ======

The multifocal lumbar pathology including disc herniation and stenosis in the spinal canal or foramen has been considered the most difficult to approach surgically. It often requires mandatory dual approaches and/or fusion techniques. Traditional percutaneous endoscopic lumbar transforaminal and interlaminar approach has been focused on unifocal disc herniation. However, the development of endoscopic spinal instruments and surgical technique has broadened surgical indication and therapeutic boundary in endoscopic spine surgery. Cases Presentation. The authors present outcomes of four patients with multilumbar pathology including highly inferior migrated disc combined with lateral recess stenosis, multifocal disc herniation, bilateral disc herniations in spinal canal and foraminal disc herniation combined with central canal stenosis. They were successfully treated by percutaneous uniportal full endoscopic approach with single incision. Conclusion. Percutaneous endoscopic spine surgery is a safe and effective tool to figure out multilumbar pathology in a minimal invasive way
((Lee CW, Yoon KJ. The Usefulness of Percutaneous Endoscopic Technique in
Multifocal Lumbar Pathology. Biomed Res Int. 2019 Jan 3;2019:9528102. doi:
10.1155/2019/9528102. eCollection 2019. PubMed PMID: 30719454; PubMed Central
PMCID: PMC6335722.
)).