====== Motorcycle accident in Pakistan ======

Although orthopedic injuries occur most frequently in motorcycle trauma, polytrauma necessitating multi-disciplinary management and complicating hospital stay is also common. Understanding patterns of injuries and management in [[motorcycle]] trauma will enable trauma teams in a developing country like Pakistan to devise evidence-based management protocols, especially for cases of polytrauma
((Martins RS, Saqib SU, Gillani M, Sania SRT, Junaid MU, Zafar H. Patterns of traumatic injuries and outcomes to motorcyclists in a developing country: A cross-sectional study. Traffic Inj Prev. 2021 Jan 26:1-5. doi: 10.1080/15389588.2020.1856374. Epub ahead of print. PMID: 33497294.)).
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Hasan et al. conducted a [[Cross-sectional study]] of [[medical record]]s of [[patient]]s with [[motorcycle]]-related injuries in [[2015]], at the [[Aga Khan University Hospital]] in [[Karachi]], [[Pakistan]]. They [[review]]ed the patient demographic and medical data, helmet use, the [[Glasgow coma]] [[score]], the spectrum of injuries, [[length of stay]], specific [[injury]] diagnosis, and final disposition of patients. Data were analyzed using IBM [[SPSS]] Statistics for Windows, Version 20.0 (IBM Corp., Armonk, NY).
They identified 450 motorcycle [[crash]] injuries. Ninety percent of these victims were [[male]]s, and 81% were driving at the time of the crash. More than 50% of crashes involved patients age under 29 years, and most crashes (35%) involved patients in the third decade of life.
They observed that 6.8% of [[accident]]s involved patients younger than 10 years of age. For all the motorcycle-related injuries, 45% occurred during the weekend (Saturday and Sunday). [[Helmet]]s were worn by only 7% of patients. The most common types of [[collision]]s were motorcycle versus car followed by lone motorcycle fall. Of the injuries sustained, the cumulative frequency of orthopedic injuries was the highest (63%), of which 34% were [[lower limb]] injuries and 29% were [[upper limb]] injuries. The second highest frequency of injuries were [[head injury]] (46%). They also found that 85% motorcycle injury victims sustained [[fracture]]s. 
The frequency of motorcycle-related injuries was high among young adults, and closed fractures of the lower limbs were the most common orthopedic injuries related to motorcycle crashes. Use of [[helmet]]s among motorcyclists needs to be reinforced to prevent head injuries. 
They suggest motorcyclists to use protective clothes and motorcycle sidebars to prevent [[fracture]]s of the lower limb. Further [[research]] is needed to determine the type of fractures, type of head injuries, surgical interventions required, and [[morbidity]] and [[mortality]] in motorcycle-related injuries and whether designing separate lanes for motorcycles will reduce the burden of these injuries on the [[healthcare system]]
((Hasan O, Sheikh S, Fatima A, Abbas A, Zahid N, Baloch N. Motor-vehicle Crash
Patient Injury Patterns from a Level One Trauma Center in a Metropolitan City: A 
Cross-Sectional Study. Cureus. 2019 Feb 14;11(2):e4073. doi: 10.7759/cureus.4073.
PubMed PMID: 31019851; PubMed Central PMCID: PMC6464989.
)).