===== Middle-Income Countries (MICs) =====

'''Middle-income countries (MICs)''' are nations classified by the [[World Bank]] based on their gross national income (GNI) per capita. These countries fall between low-income and high-income thresholds and are further subdivided into:

  * **Lower-middle-income**: GNI per capita between $1,136 and $4,465  
  * **Upper-middle-income**: GNI per capita between $4,466 and $13,845  

This classification is updated annually and used widely in [[global health]], [[economic development]], and [[international policy]].

==== Characteristics ====
  * Rapid economic growth but with significant inequalities  
  * Dual burden of [[communicable diseases]] and [[non-communicable diseases]]  
  * Often in transition from donor aid to self-sustained systems  
  * Varied capacity in [[healthcare infrastructure]], education, and governance

==== Relevance in Healthcare ====
Middle-income countries are crucial in global health strategy because:
  * They house a large portion of the world's population  
  * Many are sites for [[clinical trials]], [[health system reforms]], and [[surgical scale-up initiatives]]
  * They often serve as models for scalable [[health interventions]] and policies

==== See also ====
  * [[Low- and Middle-Income Countries (LMICs)]]
  * [[High-Income Countries]]
  * [[Global Health]]
  * [[Health Systems]]
  * [[World Bank Income Classification]]