====== Metopic ridge ======

The [[metopic suture]] is the only suture which normally closes during infancy. Upon closure, a palpable and visible ridge often forms which can be confused with [[Trigonocephaly]].

Applegren et al. sought to determine the relationship between mild-to-moderate [[trigonocephaly]] and anterior cranial volume using a noninvasive laser shape digitizer ([[STARscanner]]) in patients with abnormal head shape.An IRB-approved retrospective review of a prospectively maintained database and medical records was performed. Two hundred three patients less than 1 year of age with abnormal head shape were categorized as having a [[metopic ridge]] with mild-to-moderate trigonocephaly, metopic ridge without trigonocephaly, or no ridge. Measurements of cranial volume, circumference, and symmetry were calculated by the STARscanner, which quantifies three-dimensional shape of the cranial surface. Measures were analyzed using a series of analyses of variance and post-hoc Tukey honest significant difference.

The authors results showed ACV was significantly reduced in patients with mild-to-moderate trigonocephaly compared with those without metopic ridge (P = 0.009), and trended toward significance compared with those with a ridge but without trigonocephaly (P = 0.072). The ratio of anterior-to-posterior cranial volume was significantly reduced in those with mild-to-moderate trigonocephaly compared with those without metopic ridge (P = 0.036).

Patients with milder anterior cranial deformities demonstrated an association between a [[metopic ridge]] with mild-to-moderate trigonocephaly and reduced anterior cranial volume
((Applegren ND, Shock LA, Aldridge KJ, Derrick CD, Tanaka T, Baker CL, Muzaffar 
AR. Relationship of a Metopic Ridge and Anterior Cranial Volume Measured by a
Noninvasive Laser Shape Digitizer. J Craniofac Surg. 2017 Oct 23. doi:
10.1097/SCS.0000000000004065. [Epub ahead of print] PubMed PMID: 29065051.)).
===== Benign metopic ridge =====

[[Benign metopic ridge]]