====Scales====

[[Japanese Orthopaedic Association Back Pain Evaluation Questionnaire]]

[[Neurogenic Claudication Outcome Score]] (NCOS)

Stenosis bothersomeness index (SBI)

The Stenosis Ratio (SR)

The Self--Paced Walking Test (SPWT)

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History	

[[Visual analog scale]] (VAS) of leg pain/numbness

Pain intensity numerical rating scale (PI-NRS)
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Radiological examination
	
Diameters of the spinal canal, dural sac cross-sectional area (CT, MRI and/or myelo-CT)
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Neurological examination
	
Neurological impairment score in lumbar spinal stenosis (NIS-LSS) 

Neuromuscular impairment index (NMI) 

Straight leg raising

Spinal range of motion

Treadmill walking test
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Generic self-reported level of health status	

Sickness Impact Profile (SIP) 

Medical Outcomes Survey 36-item short form (SF-36) 
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Disease-specific self-reported level of health status (for patients with low back pain)	

[[Oswestry disability index]] (ODI)

Roland Morris Disability Questionnaire (RDQ) 

General Function Score (GFS) 

Quebec Back Pain Disability Scale 

Waddell Disability Index 
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Condition-specific self-reported level of health status (for patients with LSS)	

[[Swiss Spinal Stenosis Score]] (SSS)

Beaujon Scoring System 

Oxford Claudication Score 
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Self-reported satisfaction with treatment	

[[Swiss Spinal Stenosis Score]] (SSS) – patient satisfaction scale