====== Lingual gyrus ======

{{ http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/a1/Gray727_lingual_gyrus.png?400}}

The lingual [[gyrus]] is a brain structure that is linked to processing [[vision]], especially related to letters. It is thought to also play a role in the analysis of [[logic]]al conditions (i.e. logical order of events) and encoding visual memories. The lingual gyrus is named after the shape it most closely resembles - the [[tongue]].

Contrary to the name, the region has little to do with speech.

Operations on tumors of the lingual [[gyri]] are challenging to perform because of the deep-seated location of these tumors between critical cisternal neurovascular structures and the adjacent temporal and occipital cortexes.

Traditional surgical approaches require temporal or occipital transgression, retraction, or venous sacrifice. These approaches may result in unintended complications that should be avoided. To avoid these complications, the [[supracerebellar transtentorial approach]] to this region has been used as an effective alternative treatment in adult patients.
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[[Alessandro De Benedictis]] et al. from the [[Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital]], IRCCS, [[Rome]] described the case of a 17-yr-old patient who underwent resection of an epileptogenic [[low-grade glioma]] located within the left-dominant [[lingual gyrus]]. [[Seizure]]s were characterized, as a first symptom, by the right-sided simple [[visual hallucination]] that pointed to the left peri[[calcarine]] [[region]], corresponding to the lesion location. No signs of primary involvement of anterior temporal-mesial structures ([[hippocampus]]/[[amygdala]]) were found. As the anatomic-electroclinical correlation was concordant, direct tumor [[removal]] was indicated through an infra-occipital supratentorial approach. This route allowed direct access to the target through a safe extra-axial corridor, which limits intraparenchymal dissection until the tumor margin is identified and avoids critical vascular structures, such as the [[vein of Labbé]].

External [[cerebrospinal fluid drainage]] was used to facilitate [[brain relaxation]], minimizing brain and venous retraction and, consequently, reducing the risk of postoperative [[neurological complication]]s, especially for [[vision]]. Postoperative [[magnetic resonance imaging]] (MRI) demonstrated no surgical complications. Pathological examination revealed a [[ganglioglioma]]. At 9-mo follow-up, the neurological examination was normal, [[antiepileptic]] 
[[therapy]] was stopped, and the patient was seizure-free. The [[video]] describes the main surgical steps, using both intraoperative videos and advanced 3-dimensional modeling of neuroimaging pictures
((De Benedictis A, de Palma L, Herur-Raman A, Pepi C, Colafati GS, Carboni A, Randi F, Savioli A, Ricci G, Mastronuzzi A, Carai A, Specchio N, Marras CE. [[Infra-Occipital Supra-Tentorial Approach]] for [[Resection]] of [[Low-Grade]] [[Tumor]] of the Left [[Lingual Gyrus]]: 2-Dimensional [[Operative Video]]. Oper Neurosurg (Hagerstown). 2021 May 22:opab172. doi: 10.1093/ons/opab172. Epub ahead of print. PMID: 34022047.)).