====== Laboratory values ======


Acetylcholinesterase (ACE), RBC

Blood

26.7–49.2 U/g Hb

—

Acid phosphatase

Serum

0.5–5.5 U/L

0–0.9 mckat/L

Activated partial thromboplastin time (aPTT)

Plasma

25–36 sec

—

Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH)

Serum

9–52 pg/mL (morning draw)

2–11 pmol/L (morning draw)

Albumin

Serum

3.5–5.4 g/dL

35–54 g/L

Aldosterone

Standing
Serum

7–20 ng/dL

194–554 pmol/L

Supine
Serum

2–5 ng/dL

55–138 pmol/L

Alkaline phosphatase (ALP)

Serum

36–150 U/L

0.5–2.5 mckat/L

Alpha-1 antitrypsin (AAT)

Serum

83–199 mg/dL

15.3–36.6 mcmol/L

Alpha fetoprotein (AFP)

Serum

0–20 ng/dL

0–20 pg/L

δ-Aminolevulinic acid (ALA)

Serum

15–23 mcg/L

1.14–1.75 mcmol/L

Aminotransferase, alanine (ALT)

Serum

0–35 U/L

0–0.58 pkat/L

Aminotransferase, aspartate (AST)

Serum

0–35 U/L

0–0.58 pkat/L

Ammonia

Plasma

40–80 mcg/dL

23–47 mcmol/L

Amylase

Serum

0–130 U/L

0–2.17 mckat/L

Antibodies to extractable nuclear antigen (AENA)

Serum

< 20.0="">

—

Anti–cyclic citrullinated peptide (anti-CCP) antibodies

Serum

≤ 5.0 units

—

Antidiuretic hormone (ADH; arginine vasopressin)

Plasma

< 1.7="">

< 1.57="">

Anti–double-stranded DNA (dsDNA) antibodies, IgG

Serum

< 25="">

—

Antimitochondrial M2 antibodies

Serum

< 0.1="">

—

Antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies (cANCA)

Serum

Negative

—

Antinuclear antibodies (ANA)

Serum

≤ 1.0 units

—

Anti–smooth muscle antibodies (ASMA) titer

Serum

≤ 1:80

—

Antistreptolysin O titer

Serum

< 150="">

—

Antithyroid microsomal antibody titer

Serum

<>

—

α1-Antitrypsin (AAT)

Serum

83–199 mg/dL

15.3–36.6 mcmol/L

Apolipoproteins:

A-I, females
Serum

98–210 mg/dL

0.98–2.1 g/L

A-I, males
Serum

88–180 mg/dL

0.88–1.8 g/L

B-100, females
Serum

44–148 mg/dL

0.44–1.48 g/L

B-100, males
Serum

55–151 mg/dL

0.55–1.51 g/L

Bicarbonate

Serum

23–28 mEq/L

23–28 mmol/L

Bilirubin:

Direct
Serum

0–0.3 mg/dL

0–5.1 mcmol/L

Total
Serum

0.3–1.2 mg/dL

5.1–20.5 mcmol/L

Blood volumes (radioisotope labeling):

Plasma, females*
Blood

28–43 mL/kg body wt

0.028–0.043 L/kg body wt

Plasma, males*
Blood

25–44 mL/kg body wt

0.025–0.044 L/kg body wt

RBCs, females*
Blood

20–30 mL/kg body wt

0.02–0.03 L/kg body wt

RBCs, males*
Blood

25–35 mL/kg body wt

0.025–0.035 L/kg body wt

Brain (B-type) natriuretic peptide (BNP)

Plasma

< 100="">

—

Calcitonin, age ≥ 16 yr:

Females
Serum

< 8="">

—

Males
Serum

< 16="">

—

Calcium

Serum

9–10.5 mg/dL

2.2–2.6 mmol/L

Cancer antigen (CA):

CA 125
Serum

< 35="">

—

CA 15-3
Serum

< 30="">

—

Carbon dioxide (CO2) content

Serum

23–28 mEq/L

23–28 mmol/L

Carbon dioxide partial pressure (PCO2)

Blood

35–45 mm Hg

—

Carboxyhemoglobin

Plasma

0.5–5%

—

Carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA)

Serum

< 2="">

< 2="">

Carotene

Serum

75–300 mcg/L

1.4–5.6 mcmol/L

CD4:CD8 ratio

Blood

1–4

—

CD4+ T-cell count

Blood

640–1175/mcL

0.64–1.18 x 109/L

CD8+ T-cell count

Blood

335–875/mcL

0.34–0.88 x 109/L

Ceruloplasmin

Serum

25–43 mg/dL

250–430 mg/L

Chloride

Serum

98–106 mEq/L

98–106 mmol/L

Cholesterol, desirable level:

High-density lipoprotein (HDL-C)
Plasma

≥ 40 mg/dL

≥ 1.04 mmol/L

Low-density lipoprotein (LDL-C)
Plasma

≤ 130 mg/dL

≤ 3.36 mmol/L

Total (TC)

Plasma

150–199 mg/dL

3.88–5.15 mmol/L

Coagulation factors:

Factor I
Plasma

150–300 mg/dL

1.5–3.5 g/L

Factor II
Plasma

60–150% of normal

—

Factor IX
Plasma

60–150% of normal

—

Factor V
Plasma

60–150% of normal

—

Factor VII
Plasma

60–150% of normal

—

Factor VIII
Plasma

60–150% of normal

—

Factor X
Plasma

60–150% of normal

—

Factor XI
Plasma

60–150% of normal

—

Factor XII
Plasma

60–150% of normal

—

Complement:

C3
Serum

55–120 mg/dL

0.55–1.20 g/L

C4
Serum

20–59 mg/dL

0.20–0.59 g/L

Total

Serum

37–55 U/mL

37–55 kU/L

Copper

Serum

70–155 mcg/L

11–24.3 mcmol/L

Cortisol:

1 h after cosyntropin
Serum

> 18 mcg/dL and usually ≥ 8 mcg/dL above baseline

> 498 nmol/L and usually ≥ 221 nmol/L above baseline

At 5 pm
Serum

3–13 mcg/dL

83–359 nmol/L

At 8 am
Serum

8–20 mcg/dL

251–552 nmol/L

After overnight suppression test
Serum

< 5="">

< 138="">

C-peptide

Serum

0.9–4.3 ng/mL

297–1419 pmol/L

C-reactive protein (CRP)

Serum

< 0.5="">

< 0.005="">

C-reactive protein, highly sensitive (hsCRP)

Serum

< 1.1="">

< 0.0011="">

Creatine kinase (CK)

Serum

30–170 U/L

0.5–2.83 mckat/L

Creatinine

Serum

0.7–1.3 mg/dL

61.9–115 mcmol/L

d-Dimer

Plasma

≤ 300 ng/mL

≤ 300 mcg/L

Dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate (DHEA-S):

Females
Plasma

0.6–3.3 mg/mL

1.6–8.9 mcmol/L

Males
Plasma

1.3–5.5 mg/mL

3.5–14.9 mcmol/L

Delta-aminolevulinic acid (ALA)

Serum

15–23 mcg/L

1.14–1.75 mcmol/L

11-Deoxycortisol (DOC):

After metyrapone
Plasma

> 7 mcg/dL

> 203 nmol/L

Basal
Plasma

< 5="">

< 145="">

d-Xylose level 2 h after ingestion of 25 g of d-xylose

Serum

> 20 mg/dL

> 1.3 nmol/L

Epinephrine, supine

Plasma

< 75="">

< 410="">

Erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR):

Females
Blood

0–20 mm/h

0–20 mm/h

Males
Blood

0–15 mm/h

0–20 mm/h

Erythropoietin

Serum

4.0–18.5 mIU/mL

4.0–18.5 IU/L

Estradiol, females:

Day 1–10 of menstrual cycle
Serum

14–27 pg/mL

50–100 pmol/L

Day 11–20 of menstrual cycle
Serum

14–54 pg/mL

50–200 pmol/L

Day 21–30 of menstrual cycle
Serum

19–40 pg/mL

70–150 pmol/L

Estradiol, males

Serum

10–30 pg/mL

37–110 pmol/L

Ferritin:

Females
Serum

30–200 ng/mL

30–200 mcg/L

Males
Serum

30–300 ng/mL

30–300 mcg/L

α-Fetoprotein (AFP)

Serum

0–20 ng/dL

0–20 pg/L

Fibrinogen

Plasma

150–350 mg/dL

1.5–3.5 g/L

Folate (folic acid):

RBC
Blood

160–855 ng/mL

362–1937 nmol/L

Serum
Serum

2.5–20 ng/mL

5.7–45.3 nmol/L

Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), females:

Follicular or luteal phase
Serum

5–20 mU/mL

5–20 U/L

Midcycle peak
Serum

30–50 mU/mL

30–50 U/L

Postmenopausal
Serum

> 35 mU/mL

> 35 U/L

Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), adult males

Serum

5–15 mU/mL

5–15 U/L

Fructosamine

Plasma

200–285 mol/L

—

Gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase (GGT)

Serum

8–78 U/L

—

Gastrin

Serum

0–180 pg/mL

0–180 ng/L

Globulins:

Serum

2.5–3.5 g/dL

25–35 g/L

Alpha-1 globulins
Serum

0.2–0.4 g/dL

2–4 g/L

Alpha-2 globulins
Serum

0.5–0.9 g/dL

5–9 g/L

Beta globulins
Serum

0.6–1.1 g/dL

6–11 g/L

Beta-2 microglobulin
Serum

0.7–1.8 mcg/mL

—

Gamma globulins
Serum

0.7–1.7 g/dL

7–17 g/L

Glucose:

2-h postprandial
Plasma

< 140="">

< 7.8="">

Fasting
Plasma

70–105 mg/dL

3.9–5.8 mmol/L

Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD)

Blood

5–15 U/g Hb

0.32–0.97 mU/ mol Hb

γ-Glutamyl transpeptidase (GGT)

Serum

8–78 U/L

—

Growth hormone:

After oral glucose
Plasma

< 2="">

< 2="">

In response to provocative stimuli
Plasma

> 7 ng/mL

> 7 mcg/L

Haptoglobin

Serum

30–200 mg/dL

300–2000 mg/L

Hematocrit:

Females
Blood

36–47%

—

Males
Blood

41–51%

—

Hemoglobin:

Females
Blood

12–16 g/dL

120–160 g/L

Males
Blood

14–17 g/dL

140–170 g/L

Hemoglobin A1c

Blood

4.7–8.5%

—

Hemoglobin electrophoresis, adults:

Hb A1
Blood

95–98%

—

Hb A2
Blood

2–3%

—

Hb C
Blood

0%

—

Hb F
Blood

0.8–2.0%

—

Hb S
Blood

0%

—

Hemoglobin electrophoresis, Hb F in children:

Neonate
Blood

50–80%

—

1–6 mo
Blood

8%

—

> 6 mo
Blood

1–2%

—

Homocysteine:

Females
Plasma

0.40–1.89 mg/L

3–14 mcmol/L

Males
Plasma

0.54–2.16 mg/L

4–16 mcmol/L

Human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG), quantitative

Serum

< 5="">

—

Immunoglobulins:

IgA
Serum

70–300 mg/dL

0.7–3.0 g/L

IgD
Serum

< 8="">

< 80="">

IgE
Serum

0.01–0.04 mg/dL

0.1–0.4 mg/L

IgG
Serum

640–1430 mg/dL

6.4–14.3 g/L

IgG1
Serum

280–1020 mg/dL

2.8–10.2 g/L

IgG2
Serum

60–790 mg/dL

0.6–7.9 g/L

IgG3
Serum

14–240 mg/dL

0.14–2.4 g/L

IgG4
Serum

11–330 mg/dL

0.11–3.3 g/L

IgM
Serum

20–140 mg/dL

0.2–1.4 g/L

Insulin, fasting

Serum

1.4–14 mcIU/mL

10–104 pmol/L

International normalized ratio (INR):

Therapeutic range (standard intensity therapy)
Plasma

2.0–3.0

—

Therapeutic range in patients at higher risk (eg, patients with prosthetic heart valves)
Plasma

2.5–3.5

—

Therapeutic range in patients with lupus anticoagulant
Plasma

3.0–3.5

—

Iron

Serum

60–160 mcg/dL

11–29 mcmol/L

Iron-binding capacity, total (TIBC)

Serum

250–460 mcg/dL

45–82 mcmol/L

Lactate dehydrogenase (LDH)

Serum

60–160 U/L

1–1.67 mckat/L

Lactic acid, venous

Blood

6–16 mg/dL

0.67–1.8 mmol/L

Lactose tolerance test

Plasma

> 15 mg/dL increase in plasma glucose level

> 0.83 mmol/L increase in plasma glucose level

Lead

Blood

< 40="">

< 1.9="">

Leukocyte alkaline phosphatase (LAP) score

Peripheral blood smear

13–130/100/ polymorphonuclear (PMN) leukocyte neutrophils and bands

—

Lipase

Serum

< 95="">

< 1.58="">

Lipoprotein (a) [Lp(a)]

Serum

≤ 30 mg/dL

< 1.1="">

Luteinizing hormone (LH), females:

Follicular or luteal phase
Serum

5–22 mU/mL

5–22 U/L

Midcycle peak
Serum

30–250 mU/mL

30–250 U/L

Postmenopausal
Serum

> 30 mU/mL

> 30 U/L

Luteinizing hormone, males

Serum

3–15 mU/mL

3–15 U/L

Magnesium

Serum

1.5–2.4 mg/dL

0.62–0.99 mmol/L

Manganese

Serum

0.3–0.9 ng/mL

5.5–16.4 nmol/L

Mean corpuscular hemoglobin (MCH)

Blood

28–32 pg

—

Mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration (MCHC)

Blood

32–36 g/dL

320–360 g/L

Mean corpuscular volume (MCV)

Blood

80–100 fL

—

Metanephrines, fractionated:

Metanephrines, free
Plasma

< 0.50="">

—

Normetanephrines, free
Plasma

< 0.90="">

—

Methemoglobin

Blood

<>

—

Methylmalonic acid (MMA)

Serum

150–370 nmol/L

—

Myeloperoxidase (MPO) antibodies

Serum

< 6.0="">

—

Myoglobin:

Females
Serum

25–58 mcg/L

1.4–3.5 nmol/L

Males
Serum

28–72 mcg/L

1.6–4.1 nmol/L

Norepinephrine, supine

Plasma

50–440 pg/mL

0.3–2.6 nmol/L

N-Terminal propeptide of BNP (NT-proBNP)

Plasma

< 125="">

—

5'-Nucleotidase (5'NT)

Serum

4–11.5 U/L

—

Osmolality

Plasma

275–295 mOsm/kg H2O

275–295 mmol/ kg H2O

Osmotic fragility test

Blood

Increased fragility if hemolysis occurs in > 0.5% sodium chloride

Decreased fragility if hemolysis is incomplete in 0.3% sodium chloride

—

Oxygen partial pressure (PO2)

Blood

80–100 mm Hg

—

Parathyroid hormone (PTH)

Serum

10–65 pg/mL

10–65 ng/L

Parathyroid hormone–related peptide (PTHrP)

Plasma

< 2.0="">

—

Partial thromboplastin time, activated (aPTT)

Plasma

25–35 sec

—

pH

Blood

7.38–7.44

—

Phosphorus, inorganic

Serum

3.0–4.5 mg/dL

0.97–1.45 mmol/L

Platelet count

Blood

150–350 x 103/mcL

150–350 x 109/L

Platelet life span, using chromium-51 (51Cr)

—

8–12 days

—

Porphyrins

Plasma

≤ 1.0 mcg/dL

—

Potassium

Serum

3.5–5 mEq/L

3.5–5 mmol/L

Prealbumin (transthyretin)

Serum

18–45 mg/dL

—

Progesterone:

Follicular phase
Serum

< 1="">

< 0.03="">

Luteal phase
Serum

3–30 ng/mL

0.1–0.95 nmol/L

Prolactin:

Females (nonpregnant)
Serum

< 20="">

< 870="">

Males
Serum

< 15="">

< 652="">

Prostate-specific antigen, total (PSA-T)

Serum

0–4 ng/mL

—

Prostate-specific antigen, ratio of free to total (PSA-F:PSA-T)

Serum

> 0.25

—

Protein C activity

Plasma

67–131%

—

Protein C resistance, activated ratio (APC-R)

Plasma

2.2–2.6

—

Protein S activity

Plasma

82–144%

—

Protein, total

Serum

6–7.8 g/dL

60–78 g/L

Prothrombin time (PT)

Plasma

11–13 sec

—

Pyruvic acid

Blood

0.08–0.16 mmol/L

—

RBC count

Blood

4.2–5.9 x 106 cells/mcL

4.2–5.9 x 1012 cells/L

RBC survival rate, using 51Cr

Blood

T1/2 = 28 days

—

Renin activity, plasma (PRA), upright, in males and females aged 18–39 yr:

Sodium-depleted
Plasma

2.9–24 ng/mL/h

—

Sodium-repleted
Plasma

0.6 (or lower)–4.3 ng/mL/h

—

Reticulocyte count:

Percentage
Blood

0.5–1.5%

—

Absolute
Blood

23–90 x 103/mcL

23–90 x 109/L

Rheumatoid factor (RF), by nephelometry

Serum

< 40="">

< 40="">

Sodium

Serum

136–145 mEq/L

136–145 mmol/L

Testosterone (total), adults:

Females
Serum

20–75 ng/dL

0.7–2.6 nmol/L

Males
Serum

300–1200 ng/dL

10–42 nmol/L

Thrombin time

Plasma

18.5–24 sec

—

Thyroid iodine-123 (123I) uptake

—

5–30% of administered dose at 24 h

—

Thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH)

Serum

0.5–5.0 mcIU/mL

0.5–5.0 mIU/L

Thyroxine (T4):

Free
Serum

0.9–2.4 ng/dL

12–31 pmol/L

Free index
—

4–11

—

Total
Serum

5–12 mcg/dL

64–155 nmol/L

Transferrin

Serum

212–360 mg/dL

2.1–3.6 g/L

Transferrin saturation

Serum

20–50%

—

Triglycerides (fasting)

Serum

< 250="">

< 2.82="">

Triiodothyronine (T3):

Uptake
Serum

25–35%

—

Total
Serum

70–195 ng/dL

1.1–3.0 nmol/L

Troponin I

Plasma

< 0.1="">

< 0.1="">

Troponin T

Serum

≤ 0.03 ng/mL

≤ 0.03 mcg/L

Urea nitrogen (BUN)

Serum

8–20 mg/dL

2.9–7.1 mmol/L

Uric acid

Serum

2.5–8 mg/dL

0.15–0.47 mmol/L

Vitamin B12

Serum

200–800 pg/mL

148–590 pmol/L

Vitamin C (ascorbic acid):

Leukocyte
Blood

< 20="">

< 1136="">

Total
Blood

0.4–1.5 mg/dL

23–85 mcmol/L

Vitamin D:

1,25-Dihydroxycholecalciferol (calcitriol)
Serum

25–65 pg/mL

65–169 pmol/L

25-Hydroxycholecalciferol
Serum

15–80 ng/mL

37–200 nmol/L

WBC count

Blood

4.5–11 x 103 cells/mcL

4.5–11 x 109 cells/L

Segmented neutrophils

2.6–8.5 x 103 cells/mcL

2.6–8.5 x 109 cells/L

Band neutrophils

0–1.2 x 103 cells/mcL

0–1.2 x 109 cells/L

Lymphocytes

0.77–4.5 x 103 cells/mcL

0.77–4.5 x 109 cells/L

Monocytes

0.14–1.3 x 103 cells/mcL

0.14–1.3 x 109 cells/L

Eosinophils

0–0.55 x 103 cells/mcL

0–0.55 x 109 cells/L

Basophils

0–0.22 x 103 cells/mcL

0–0.22 x 109 cells/L

Zinc

Serum

66–110 mcg/dL

10.1–16.8 mcmol/L

*American Board of Internal Medicine: ABIM Laboratory Test Reference Ranges ̶ January 2018. Accessed 8/25/18.

mckat = microkatal; pkat = picokatal.

Test

Specimen

Conventional Units

SI Units