=====Jugular tubercle=====
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AE: [[Arcuate eminence]]; IAC: [[Internal acoustic canal]]; IPS: [[Inferior petrosal sinus]]; JF: [[Jugular foramen]]; JT: [[Jugular tubercle]]; SMT: [[Suprameatal tubercle]] ; SPS: [[Superior petrosal sinus]] ; TI: [[Trigeminal impression]].

Circumscribed lesions of the [[hypoglossal canal]] and of the jugular tubercle still remain a surgical challenge. So far, transpetrosal, transcondylar suboccipital, and extreme lateral approaches have been used to access this region. These surgical procedures bear a high risk for neurological deficits. Therefore, Gilsbach et al introduce a new minimally invasive extradural approach to the hypoglossal canal that also allows access to the lateral aspects of the [[jugular tubercle]].