====== Intraventricular hemorrhage etiology ======

{{rss>https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/rss/search/1vICqKETsACnk9kWxdqLpvzZi64zDZcNnnWBfNfInU2o0LXQOF/?limit=15&utm_campaign=pubmed-2&fc=20230117111316}}
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1. Most occur as a result of the extension of [[intraparenchymal hemorrhage]]s

a) in the adult:

● [[spontaneous intracerebral hemorrhage]]: especially [[thalamic hemorrhage]] or [[putaminal hemorrhage]]. 

● associated with [[arteriovenous malformation.]]

b) in newborns: extension of [[subependymal hemorrhage]] ([[Periventricular-intraventricular hemorrhage]])

2. pure [[intraventricular hemorrhage]] (IVH) is usually the result of a rupture of

a) [[aneurysm]]: accounts for ≈ 25% of IVH in adults, and is second only to extension of intracerebral
hemorrhage as the most common cause. IVH occurs in 13–28% of [[ruptured aneurysm]]s in clinical series
((Mohr G, Ferguson G, Khan M, et al. Intraventricular Hemorrhage from Ruptured Aneurysm: Retrospective Analysis of 91 Cases. J Neurosurg. 1983; 58:482–487)).
More common with the following aneurysms: a-comm, distal basilar artery or carotid terminus, VA or distal PICA (for patterns)

b) [[vertebral artery dissection]] (or dissecting aneurysms) 

c) [[intraventricular arteriovenous malformation]]

d) [[intraventricular tumor]]

e) [[SAH]] outside the ventricles refluxing into foramina of Luschka and/or Magendie
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[[Chyloma]]-induced [[intraventricular hemorrhage]]
((Sun J, Zhao J, Zheng J, Zhou C. [[Clinical study]] of [[stereotactic]] [[technology]] in the [[treatment]] of [[chyloma]]-induced [[intraventricular hemorrhage]]. Panminerva Med. 2024 Feb 2. doi: 10.23736/S0031-0808.24.05103-6. Epub ahead of print. PMID: 38305010.))
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While intraventricular hemorrhage is frequently found in association with intraparenchymal or subarachnoid hemorrhage, isolated intraventricular hemorrhage (iIVH) is rare in adults and seldom described. Awareness of possible causes is important in order to guide patient management. After elimination of a traumatic cause, numerous aetiologies remain possible. The most frequently found underlying lesions are arteriovenous malformations and aneurysms, but other vascular causes should also be sought, including cavernous malformations and moyamoya disease. Arterial hypertension, anticoagulant use, coagulopathies and certain toxic substances are also associated with iIVH. Finally, iIVH may be caused by intraventricular tumours. In a high number of cases, the cause remains unknown. Vascular and non-vascular causes should be searched through an imaging work-up (with CT angiography, MRI and catheter angiography when necessary) and correlation with clinical information to yield a diagnosis
((Barnaure I, Liberato AC, Gonzalez RG, Romero JM. Isolated intraventricular
haemorrhage in adults. Br J Radiol. 2017 Jan;90(1069):20160779. doi:
10.1259/bjr.20160779. Review. PubMed PMID: 27805421.
)).

===== Intraventricular arteriovenous malformation =====

[[Intraventricular arteriovenous malformation]]