====== Intraoperative Cortical Mapping ======

===== General information =====

==== Indications ====
Typically used to locate the [[motor strip]], [[sensory cortex]], or [[speech]] [[center]]s intraoperatively for surgery in and around these [[eloquent area]]s. Localization of these areas based on visible anatomy alone is unreliable. These techniques are typically employed in [[seizure surgery]] as well as in treating lesions in areas of the [[eloquent]] brain.

Some techniques require an awake patient, with the surgery done under local anesthesia with sedation. Motor and sensory cortex can also be localized in anesthetized patients using SSEPs.
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see [[Cortical map]].

The [[gold standard]] for cortical [[mapping]], is direct [[electrocortical stimulation]] (DECS),


Sir [[Victor Horsley]] is credited with first utilizing intraoperative [[electrical stimulation]] for [[cortical mapping]]
((Panczykowski DM, Monaco EA 3rd, Friedlander RM. Transcranial focused
ultrasound modulates the activity of primary somatosensory cortex in humans.
Neurosurgery. 2014 Jun;74(6):N8-9. doi: 10.1227/NEU.0000000000000365. PubMed
PMID: 24836106.)).