====== Intradiscal endothermal therapy ====== (IDET): AKA intradiscal (electro)thermal annuloplasty (IDTA). Efficacy: 23–60% at 1 year for treating “internal disc disruption” ((Karasek M, Bogduk N. Twelve-month follow-up of a controlled trial of intradiscal thermal annuloplasty for back pain due to internal disc disruption. Spine. 2000; 25:2601–2607)) (radial fissures in the nucleus pulposus extending into the annulus fibrosus) which is purported to account for 40% of patients with chronic low back pain of unknown etiology ((Schwarzer AC, Aprill CN, Derby R, et al. The prevalence and clinical features of internal disc disruption in patients with chronic low back pain. Spine. 1995; 20:1878–1883)).