====== Insulin-like growth factor 1 ======

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[[Insulin]]-like [[growth factor]] 1 (IGF-1), also called [[somatomedin C]], is a protein that in humans is encoded by the IGF1 gene.

[[IGF-1]] has also been referred to as a "sulfation factor" and its effects were termed "nonsuppressible insulin-like activity" (NSILA) in the 1970s.

IGF-1 is a hormone similar in molecular structure to [[insulin]]. It plays an important role in childhood growth and continues to have anabolic effects in adults. A synthetic analog of IGF-1, mecasermin, is used for the treatment of growth failure.

IGF-1 consists of 70 amino acids in a single chain with three intramolecular disulfide bridges. IGF-1 has a molecular weight of 7,649 daltons.

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Results show that intraneural injection of IGF-1 in an 18 mm cryopreserved isograft improve Axon regeneration and functional recovery
((González Porto SA, Domenech N, Blanco FJ, Centeno Cortés A, Rivadulla
Fernández C, Álvarez Jorge Á, Sánchez Ibáñez J, Rendal Vázquez E. Intraneural
IFG-1 in Cryopreserved Nerve Isografts Increase Neural Regeneration and
Functional Recovery in the Rat Sciatic Nerve. Neurosurgery. 2018 Jul 27. doi:
10.1093/neuros/nyy339. [Epub ahead of print] PubMed PMID: 30060164.
)).

[[GH]]-secreting [[pituitary neuroendocrine tumor]] is related to high levels of [[growth hormone]] (GH) and insulin-like growth factor-I ([[IGF-1]]).

Insulin-like Growth Factors (IGFs) have been shown to increase the rate of peripheral nervous system axon regeneration. [[IGF-1]] and IGF-II mRNA levels are significantly increased distal to the site of crush injury in rat sciatic nerves.

At the site of nerve repair, locally delivered IGF-I can significantly increase the rate of axon regeneration within a nerve graft and help expedite functional recovery of a paralyzed muscle.

As the only [[GH]] receptor antagonist (GHRA) available, [[pegvisomant]] has shown its effectiveness in the control of [[insulin like growth factor]] [[IGF-1]]
((Neggers SJ, van Aken MO, de Herder WW, et al. Quality of life in acromegalic patients during long-term somatostatin analog treatment with and without pegvisomant. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2008;93(10):3853–3859.)).
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Co-secretion of [[growth hormone]] (GH) and [[prolactin]] (PRL) from a single [[pituitary neuroendocrine tumor]] is common. In fact, up to 25% of patients with [[acromegaly]] may have PRL co-secretion. The prevalence of acromegaly among patients with a newly diagnosed [[prolactinoma]] is unknown. Given the possibility of mixed GH and PRL co-secretion, the current recommendation is to obtain an insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) in patients with prolactinoma at the initial diagnosis. Long-term follow-up of IGF-1 is not routinely done
((Manuylova E, Calvi LM, Hastings C, Vates GE, Johnson MD, Cave WT Jr, Shafiq I.
Late presentation of acromegaly in medically controlled prolactinoma patients.
Endocrinol Diabetes Metab Case Rep. 2016;2016. pii: 16-0069. PubMed PMID:
27855229.
)).