====== Insular surface ====== Sanai et al. from the Brain Tumor Research Center, Department of Neurological Surgery, [[UCSF Medical Center]] [[USA]], also proposed a different subdivision of the insular surface into quadrants, with the horizontal line set along the sylvian fissure and the vertical line perpendicular to it along the foramen of Monro, with a more straightforward application for insular gliomas, which were mostly located underneath the anterior half of the insula in their series ((Sanai N, Polley MY, Berger MS. Insular glioma resection: assessment of patient morbidity, survival, and tumor progression. J Neurosurg. 2010 Jan;112(1):1-9. doi: 10.3171/2009.6.JNS0952. PubMed PMID: 19612970. )).