====== Hybrid Depth Electrodes ====== {{ ::hybrid_depth_electrodes.png?400|}} Carlson et al. from the [[Cedars-Sinai Medical Center]] reviewed the medical charts of 53 cases of [[medically refractory epilepsy]] operated on from [[2006]] to [[2017]], where both non-hybrid and hybrid microwire depth [[electrode]]s were used for intracranial [[monitoring]]. They assessed the localization accuracy and [[complication]]s that arose to assess the relative safety and utility of hybrid depth electrodes compared with standard electrodes. A total of 555 electrodes were implanted in 52 [[patient]]s. The overall per-electrode complication rate was 2.3%, with a per-case complication rate of 20.8%. There were no [[infection]]s or [[death]]s. Serious or hemorrhagic complications occurred in 2 patients (0.4% per-electrode risk). Complications did not correlate with the use of any particular electrode type, and hybrids were equally as reliable as standard electrodes in localizing seizure onset zones. [[Hybrid depth electrode]]s appear to be as safe and effective as standard depth electrodes for intracranial monitoring and provide unique opportunities to study the human brain at single-neuron resolution ((Carlson AA, Rutishauser U, Mamelak AN. Safety and Utility of Hybrid Depth Electrodes for Seizure Localization and Single-Unit Neuronal Recording. Stereotact Funct Neurosurg. 2018 Oct 16:1-9. doi: 10.1159/000493548. [Epub ahead of print] PubMed PMID: 30326475. )).