[[Endoscopy]] assisted [[transsphenoidal surgery]] for [[pituitary neuroendocrine tumor]] has subsequently been refined and popularized by [[Hae-Dong Jho]] and Carrau.
Inspired by an [[experience]] with endoscopic paranasal sinus surgery, an [[endoscope]] was applied in [[transsphenoidal]] [[pituitary surgery]]. This endoscopic transsphenoidal technique was used in 45 cases of [[pituitary neuroendocrine tumor]]s. Using a 4 mm [[rigid endoscope]], the [[pituitary neuroendocrine tumor]] was removed through a [[nostril]]. A zero-degree endoscope is used for micro-adenomas. A combination of a 0-degree endoscope and a 30-degree endoscope is used for macro-adenomas that have extended to the suprasellar region. Although it is early in experience with a small number of patients, the short-term surgical results have been encouraging with patients' short [[hospital stay]] and minimum [[morbidity]]. The endoscopic technique that has evolved with Jho and Carrau experience is described with two cases of [[pituitary neuroendocrine tumor]]s
((Jho HD, Carrau RL. [[Endoscopy]] assisted [[transsphenoidal surgery]] for [[pituitary neuroendocrine tumor]]. Technical note. Acta Neurochir (Wien). 1996;138(12):1416-25. doi: 10.1007/BF01411120. PMID: 9030348.)).