====== Grade 1 lumbar spondylolisthesis treatment ======

The majority of patients are asymptomatic and do not require surgical intervention.Symptomatic patients present with a combination of lower back pain, radiculopathy and/or neurogenic claudication and may warrant surgery if non-operative measures fail.There is widespread controversy regarding the indications for surgery and appropriate treatment strategies for patients with this type of spondylolisthesis
((Evans N, McCarthy M. Management of symptomatic degenerative low-grade lumbar spondylolisthesis. EFORT Open Rev. 2018 Dec 19;3(12):620-631. doi: 10.1302/2058-5241.3.180020. PMID: 30697442; PMCID: PMC6335606.)).
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For the majority of patients with low-grade degenerative spondylolisthesis who present with [[lower back pain]] without stenotic symptoms, the [[spondylolisthesis]] is static and symptoms do not deteriorate
((Matsunaga S, Sakou T, Morizono Y, Masuda A, Demirtas AM. Natural history of degenerative spondylolisthesis. Pathogenesis and natural course of the slippage. Spine (Phila Pa 1976). 1990 Nov;15(11):1204-10. doi: 10.1097/00007632-199011010-00021. PMID: 2267617.)).
This group of patients may benefit from a combination of non-operative therapeutic measures. Vibert et al and Kalichman and Hunter reviewed the evidence for therapeutic modalities including physiotherapy, analgesia, ultrasound, electrical stimulation, bracing, flexion/extension strengthening exercises, core stability exercises and spinal manipulation
((Kalichman L, Hunter DJ. Diagnosis and conservative management of degenerative lumbar spondylolisthesis. Eur Spine J 2008;17:327–335.))
((Vibert BT, Sliva CD, Herkowitz HN. Treatment of instability and spondylolisthesis: surgical versus nonsurgical treatment. Clin Orthop Relat Res 2006;443:222–227.))

===== Grade 1 lumbar spondylolisthesis surgery =====

[[Grade 1 lumbar spondylolisthesis surgery]].