Biological Pathways in Glioma
[[PI3K]]/[[AKT]]/[[mTOR]] [[Pathway]]:

Promotes cell growth, proliferation, and survival.
Frequently hyperactivated due to PTEN loss or PIK3CA mutations.
RAS/MAPK Pathway:

Stimulates cell cycle progression and invasion.
JAK/STAT3 Pathway:

Drives inflammation, immune evasion, and stemness in glioma cells.
Notch and Wnt Signaling:

Regulate glioma stem cell maintenance and therapy resistance.
Metabolic Reprogramming:

Warburg effect: Preferential glycolysis even in oxygen-rich conditions.
Increased lipid metabolism and glutamine dependence.