====== Forsythiaside B ======
Forsythiaside B is a natural compound found in the fruit of the Forsythia suspensa plant, which is commonly used in traditional Chinese medicine. It belongs to a class of compounds called phenylethanoid glycosides, which are known for their antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and neuroprotective properties.

Forsythiaside B has been studied for its potential therapeutic benefits, including its ability to protect against liver damage, reduce inflammation, and improve cognitive function. It has also been found to have antiviral properties, and has been investigated for its potential to treat viral infections such as influenza and COVID-19.

Overall, Forsythiaside B shows promise as a natural compound with a range of potential therapeutic applications, although further research is needed to fully understand its mechanisms of action and clinical benefits.
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Ninety [[C57BL/6 mice]] were randomized into [[sham]]-operated group, [[middle cerebral artery occlusion]] (MCAO) model group, and low-, medium and highdose (10, 20, and 40 mg/kg, respectively) FB groups. The expression levels of [[MDA]], [[ROS]], [[PCO]], [[8-OHdG]], [[SOD]], [[GSTα4]], [[CAT]] and [[GPx]] in the[[ brain tissue]] of the [[mice]] were detected using commercial kits, and those of [[AMPK]], [[P-AMPK]],[[ DAF-16]], [[FOXO3]] and [[P-FOXO3]] were detected with [[Western blotting]]. Compound C (CC), an AMPK inhibitor, was used to verify the role of the [[AMPK]] pathway in mediating the therapeutic effect of FB. In another 36 C57BL/6 mice randomized into 4 sham-operated group, MCAO model group, FB (40 mg/kg) treatment group, FB+CC (10 mg/kg) treatment group, TTC staining was used to examine the volume of cerebral infarcts, and the levels of ROS and SOD in the brain were detected; the changes in the protein expressions of AMPK, P-AMPK, DAF-16, FOXO3 and P-FOXO3 in the brain tissue were detected using Western blotting.

In mice with cerebral IR injury, treatment with FB significantly reduced the levels of ROS, MDA, PCO and 8-OHdG, increased the activities of antioxidant enzymes SOD, GSTα4, CAT and GPx, and enhanced phosphorylation of AMPK and FOXO3 and DAF-16 protein expression in the brain tissue (P < 0.01). Compared with FB treatment alone, the combined treatment with FB and CC significantly reduced phosphorylation of AMPK and FOXO3, lowered expression of DAF-16 and SOD activity, and increased cerebral infarction volume and ROS level in the brain tissue of the mice (P < 0.01).

FB inhibits [[oxidative stress injury]] caused by cerebral I/R in mice possibly by enhancing AMPK phosphorylation, promoting the downstream [[DAF-16]] protein expression and FOXO3 phosphorylation, increasing the expression of antioxidant enzymes, and reducing [[ROS]] level in the brain tissue
((Chen X, Wang K, Chu D, Zhu Y, Zhang W, Cao H, Xie W, Lu C, Li X. [Forsythiaside B inhibits cerebral ischemia/reperfusion-induced oxidative stress injury in mice via the AMPK/DAF-16/FOXO3 pathway]. Nan Fang Yi Ke Da Xue Xue Bao. 2023 Feb 20;43(2):199-205. Chinese. doi: 10.12122/j.issn.1673-4254.2023.02.06. PMID: 36946038.)).