====== Extracranial traumatic pseudoaneurysm ======

see also [[Extracranial internal carotid artery aneurysm]].
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Eleven cases of traumatic [[external carotid artery]] branch [[pseudoaneurysm]]s were admitted to the Second Affiliated Hospital of [[Jiaxing]] University. [[Digital subtraction angiography]] was performed in all patients. It revealed that the pseudoaneurysms originated from the [[internal maxillary artery]] in 5 cases, a [[superficial temporal artery]] in 5 cases, and [[occipital artery]] in 1 case. Five cases of [[internal maxillary artery pseudoaneurysm]]s and 2 cases of [[superficial temporal artery pseudoaneurysm]]s were treated by embolization; the other 3 cases were surgically resected.

Complete cessation of nasal bleeding was achieved in all 5 pseudoaneurysms of the internal maxillary artery after the endovascular therapies. Scalp bleeding stopped and scalp defect healed up in 2 patients with superficial temporal artery pseudoaneurysms treated by interventional therapy. All patients were followed up for 0.5-2.0 years without recurrence of nosebleed and scalp lump.

For patients with repeated severe [[epistaxis]], after [[craniocerebral injury]], [[digital subtraction angiography]] should be performed as soon as possible to confirm a traumatic pseudoaneurysm. [[Endovascular therapy]] is an effective method for [[traumatic internal maxillary artery pseudoaneurysm]]s. For patients with scalp injuries and pulsatile [[lump]]s, further examinations including digital subtraction angiography should be performed to confirm the diagnosis. Surgical treatment or endovascular therapy for scalp [[traumatic pseudoaneurysm]] is effective
((Wang GH, Shen HP, Chu ZM, Shen JG, Zhou HH. [[Traumatic pseudoaneurysm]]s of [[external carotid artery]] branch: [[Case series]] and [[treatment]] considerations. Chin J Traumatol. 2021 Apr 21:S1008-1275(21)00059-6. doi: 10.1016/j.cjtee.2021.04.003. Epub ahead of print. PMID: 33941432.)).