=====Endocrine diseases=====
Endocrine diseases are disorders of the endocrine system. The branch of medicine associated with endocrine disorders is known as endocrinology.


Types of endocrine disease

Broadly speaking, endocrine disorders may be subdivided into three groups:

Endocrine gland hyposecretion (leading to hormone deficiency)

Endocrine gland hypersecretion (leading to hormone excess)

Tumours (benign or malignant) of endocrine glands

Endocrine disorders are often quite complex, involving a mixed picture of hyposecretion and hypersecretion because of the feedback mechanisms involved in the endocrine system. For example, most forms of hyperthyroidism are associated with an excess of thyroid hormone and a low level of thyroid stimulating hormone.

List of endocrine diseases

Adrenal disorders

Adrenal insufficiency

[[Addison's disease]]

Mineralocorticoid deficiency

Diabetes

Adrenal hormone excess

Conn's syndrome

Cushing's syndrome

Glucocorticoid remediable aldosteronism (GRA)

Pheochromocytoma

Congenital adrenal hyperplasia (adrenogenital syndrome)

Adrenocortical carcinoma

Glucose homeostasis disorders

Diabetes mellitus

Type 1 Diabetes

Type 2 Diabetes

Gestational Diabetes

Mature Onset Diabetes of the Young

Hypoglycemia

Idiopathic hypoglycemia

Insulinoma

Glucagonoma

Thyroid disorders

Goiter

Hyperthyroidism

[[Graves disease]]

Toxic multinodular goitre

Hypothyroidism

Thyroiditis

Hashimoto's thyroiditis

Thyroid cancer

Thyroid hormone resistance

Calcium homeostasis disorders and Metabolic bone disease

Parathyroid gland disorders

Primary hyperparathyroidism

Secondary hyperparathyroidism

Tertiary hyperparathyroidism

Hypoparathyroidism

Pseudohypoparathyroidism

Osteoporosis

Osteitis deformans (Paget's disease of bone)

Rickets and osteomalacia

Pituitary gland disorders

Posterior pituitary

Diabetes insipidus

Anterior pituitary

Hypopituitarism (or Panhypopituitarism)

Pituitary tumors

pituitary neuroendocrine tumors

Prolactinoma (or Hyperprolactinemia)

Acromegaly, gigantism

Cushing's disease

Sex hormone disorders

Disorders of sex development or intersex disorders

Hermaphroditism

Gonadal dysgenesis

Androgen insensitivity syndromes

Hypogonadism (Gonadotropin deficiency)

Inherited (genetic and chromosomal) disorders

[[Kallmann syndrome]]

Klinefelter syndrome

Turner syndrome

Acquired disorders

Ovarian failure (also known as Premature Menopause)

Testicular failure

Disorders of Puberty

Delayed puberty

Precocious puberty

Menstrual function or fertility disorders

Amenorrhea

Polycystic ovary syndrome

Tumours of the endocrine glands not mentioned elsewhere

Multiple endocrine neoplasia

MEN type 1

MEN type 2a

MEN type 2b

Carcinoid syndrome

Autoimmune polyendocrine syndromes
Incidentaloma - an unexpected finding on diagnostic imaging, often of endocrine glands.

===== Diagnosis =====

[[Endocrine screening]]
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CT scan

Dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA)

Nuclear medicine studies

Parathyroid ultrasound

Post-thyroidectomy ultrasound

Thyroglobulin stimulation studies

Thyroid ultrasound

Ultrasound-guided fine needle aspiration