=====Degenerative spondylolisthesis=====

Degenerative [[spondylolisthesis]] (DS) is an acquired anterior vertebral displacement without disruption of the [[pars interarticularis]], associated with the degenerative changes of aging, such as [[intervertebral disc degeneration]], [[Ligamentum flavum hypertrophy]] or [[spinal buckling]], and [[osteophyte]] proliferation
((Matz PG, Meagher RJ, Lamer T, Tontz WL, Jr, Annaswamy TM, Cassidy RC, et al. Guideline summary review: an evidence-based clinical guideline for the diagnosis and treatment of degenerative lumbar spondylolisthesis. Spine J. 2016;16(3):439–448. doi: 10.1016/j.spinee.2015.11.055.))
((Jacobsen S, Sonne-Holm S, Rovsing H, Monrad H, Gebuhr P. Degenerative lumbar spondylolisthesis: an epidemiological perspective: the Copenhagen Osteoarthritis Study. Spine (Phila Pa 1976) 2007;32(1):120–125. doi: 10.1097/01.brs.0000250979.12398.96.))

see [[Cervical degenerative spondylolisthesis]].

see [[Thoracic degenerative spondylolisthesis]].

see [[Lumbar degenerative spondylolisthesis]].