====== CXCR4 ======

CXCR-4 is an alpha-[[chemokine]] receptor specific for stromal-derived-factor-1 (SDF-1 also called [[CXCL12]]), a molecule endowed with potent chemotactic activity for lymphocytes. 
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In a study, data from [[The Cancer Genome Atlas]] database illustrated a relationship between C-X-C motif chemokine receptor 4 (CXCR4) expression and the survival of glioma patients. Mechanistically, we further indicated that CXCR4 mediated the upregulation of Kruppel-like factor 5 ([[KLF5]]), a zinc-finger-containing transcription factor, to facilitate the proliferation of GICs. What's more, CXCR4 also enhanced the chemoresistance through KLF5/Bcl2-like 12 (BCl2L12) in glioma. The elevated expression of KLF5 and BCL2L12 induced by CXCR4 was dependent on phosphoinositide 3-kinases (PI3K)/serine/threonine kinase (AKT) signaling. Importantly, the combined application of temozolomide and a CXCR4 inhibitor efficiently reversed CXCR4 mediated drug resistance and improved anticancer effects in vivo. Collectively, our findings confirmed that CXCR4 promoted GICs proliferation via the KLF5/BCL2L12 dependent pathway, which may enrich the understanding of GICs and help drive the design of efficacious therapeutic strategies
((Wu Y, Hu Y, Tang L, Yin S, Lv L, Zhou P. Targeting CXCR4 to suppress glioma-initiating cells and chemoresistance in glioma. Cell Biol Int. 2022 Jun 22. doi: 10.1002/cbin.11836. Epub ahead of print. PMID: 35731168.)).
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CXCR4 is one of several chemokine receptors that HIV can use to infect CD4+ T cells. HIV isolates that use CXCR4 are traditionally known as T-cell tropic isolates. Typically, these viruses are found late in infection. It is unclear as to whether the emergence of CXCR4-using HIV is a consequence or a cause of immunodeficiency.

see [[CXCL12]].