====== Cutoff ======

===== General Definition =====
A **cutoff** (or **cut-off**) is a threshold value used to divide a continuous range of data into distinct categories or to determine if a condition is met.

===== In Medicine and Diagnostics =====
A **cutoff point** in clinical practice refers to a specific value of a measurement beyond or below which a certain diagnosis, risk category, or treatment indication is applied.

Examples:
  * Blood pressure ≥ **140/90 mmHg** → Hypertension
  * Fasting glucose ≥ **126 mg/dL** → Diabetes Mellitus

===== In Statistics and Research =====
Cutoffs are used to distinguish between:
  * Statistically significant vs. non-significant results
  * Inclusion vs. exclusion criteria

Example:
  * **p-value < 0.05** is a common cutoff for statistical significance

===== In Imaging or Signal Processing =====
A **cutoff frequency** is a boundary frequency that determines the limit for signal transmission in filters (e.g., low-pass or high-pass).