======  CTCF ======


Transcriptional repressor CTCF also known as 11-zinc finger protein or CCCTC-binding factor is a [[transcription factor]] that in humans is encoded by the CTCF gene.

CTCF is involved in many cellular processes, including transcriptional regulation, insulator activity, V(D)J recombination and regulation of chromatin architecture.
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[[Histone deacetylase]] 9 (HDAC9) has been reported to be elevated in [[ischemic brain injury]], but its mechanism in [[stroke]] is still enigmatic. 
Shen et al. aimed to unveil the manner of regulation of HDAC9 expression and the effect of HDAC9 activation on neuronal function in [[cerebral ischemia]]. [[MicroRNA]]s (MicroRNAs) targeting HDAC9 were predicted utilizing [[bioinformatics]] analysis. They then constructed the [[oxygen glucose deprivation]] cell model and the [[middle cerebral artery occlusion rat model]], and elucidated the expression of CCCTC binding factor ([[CTCF]])/[[miR-383-5p]]/[[HDAC9]]. Targeting between miR-383-5p and HDAC9 was verified by [[Dual-Luciferase Reporter Assay]] and [[RNAi]]. After conducting an [[overexpression]]/[[knockdown]] [[assay]], they assessed neuronal impairment and brain injury. They found that CTCF inhibited miR-383-5p expression via its enrichment in the promoter region of [[miR-383-5p]], whereas the miR-383-5p targeted and inhibited HDAC9 expression. In the [[oxygen glucose deprivation]] cell model and the [[middle cerebral artery occlusion rat model]] , they confirmed that elevation of HDAC9 regulated by the CTCF/miR-383-5p/HDAC9 pathway mediated [[apoptosis]] induced by endoplasmic reticulum stress, while reduction of HDAC9 alleviated apoptosis and the symptoms of cerebral infarction in MCAO rats. Thus, the CTCF/miR-383-5p/HDAC9 pathway may present a target for drug development against [[ischemic brain injury]]
((Shen J, Han Q, Li W, Chen X, Lu J, Zheng J, Xue S. miR-383-5p Regulated by the Transcription Factor CTCF Affects Neuronal Impairment in Cerebral Ischemia by Mediating Deacetylase HDAC9 Activity. Mol Neurobiol. 2022 Aug 4. doi: 10.1007/s12035-022-02840-4. Epub ahead of print. PMID: 35927544.)).