====== Cranioplasty prognosis ====== [[Cranioplasty]] [[prognosis]] can be assessed across several [[domain]]s reflecting both clinical [[effectiveness]] and patient-centered results. The [[procedure]], performed after [[decompressive craniectomy]] or to repair [[skull defect]]s, has neurological, functional, cosmetic, and complication-related implications. ==== 🧠 Domain 1: Neurological Recovery ==== * Improvement in cognitive function, consciousness, and motor performance. * Restoration of cerebral perfusion, metabolism, and CSF dynamics. * Common assessment tools: NIHSS, neuropsychological testing. ==== 🧩 Domain 2: Functional Outcome ==== * Tools: * Glasgow Outcome Scale (GOS) * Modified Rankin Scale (mRS) * Functional Independence Measure (FIM) * Reflects autonomy, activities of daily living, and care needs. ==== 👤 Domain 3: Cosmetic and Psychological Satisfaction ==== * Restoration of body image, self-esteem, and social reintegration. * Particularly relevant in younger patients. * Evaluated via PROMs and patient interviews. ==== ⚠️ Domain 4: Complications ==== * Infection (5–20%): more common with alloplastic materials or early cranioplasty. * Bone flap resorption: especially in pediatric and autologous bone cases. * Other risks: seizures, hematomas, hydrocephalus, implant migration. ==== ❤️ Domain 5: Health-Related Quality of Life (HRQoL) ==== * Includes mobility, communication, cognition, emotional well-being. * Tools: EQ-5D, SF-36, disease-specific QoL instruments.