====== Cranioplasty contraindications ======

1. infection: especially at the [[craniectomy]] site, but also at distal sites because of the fear of seeding the [[cranioplasty]] flap.

2. brain protruding beyond the confines of the skull.

3. untreated hydrocephalus: this is complicated because treating hydrocephalus may require
repairing the bone defect, usually in combination with a shunt
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The presence of hydrocephalus, infection, and brain swelling. In children below 4 years old, if there is an intact dura mater, cranium can achieve self closure.