====== Cotinine ======


Cotinine, the primary metabolite of [[nicotine]], is currently regarded as the best [[biomarker]] of [[tobacco]] smoke exposure.
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Results suggest that high cotinine levels in [[smoker]]s with [[brain]] [[aneurysm]]s are significantly associated with high rupture risk, independently of smoker status, age, and sex
((Missori P, de Sousa DA, Ambrosone A, Currà A, Paolini S, Incarbone G, Amabile E, Biraschi F, Diana F, Peschillo S. Cotinine levels influence the risk of rupture of brain aneurysms. Acta Neurol Scand. 2022 Aug 3. doi: 10.1111/ane.13679. Epub ahead of print. PMID: 35920037.))
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Has harmful effects on SCI via GFAP and CNP expression. The findings of the present study support the hypothesis that tobacco causes neuronal degeneration via cotinine
((Dalgic A, Okay O, Helvacioglu F, Daglioglu E, Akdag R, Take G, Belen D.
Tobacco-induced neuronal degeneration via cotinine in rats subjected to
experimental spinal cord injury. J Neurol Surg A Cent Eur Neurosurg. 2013
May;74(3):136-45. doi: 10.1055/s-0033-1337607. Epub 2013 Mar 19. PubMed PMID:
23512588.
)).