====== Clinically Nonfunctioning pituitary neuroendocrine tumor epidemiology ======

Nonfunctioning pituitary neuroendocrine tumors are the most common [[pituitary tumor]]s
((Cozzi R, Lasio G, Cardia A, et al. Perioperative corti-
sol can predict hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal sta- 523
tus in clinically non-functioning pituitary
adenomas. J Endocrinol Invest. 2009; 32:460–464)),
and the most common [[pituitary neuroendocrine tumor]]s in [[adult]]s.

They are the most prevalent pituitary [[macroadenoma]]s
((Feldkamp J, Santen R, Harms E, Aulich A, Modder U & Scherbaum WA. Incidentally discovered pituitary lesions: high frequency of macroadenomas and hormone-secreting adenomas – results of a prospective study. Clinical Endocrinology 1999 51 109–113.))
((McComb DJ, Ryan N, Horvath E & Kovacs K. Subclinical adenomas of the human pituitary, new light on old problems. Archives of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine 1983 107 488–491.)).


With a [[prevalence]] of 7-22/100,000 people, and constitute over one-third of all [[pituitary neuroendocrine tumor]]s 
((M. E. Molitch, “Nonfunctioning pituitary tumors and pituitary incidentalomas,” Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinics of North America, vol. 37, no. 1, pp. 151–171, 2008.))
((Jaffe CA. Clinically Non-Functioning Pituitary Neuroendocrine Tumor. Pituitary.2006;9(4):317-21. Review. PubMed PMID: 17082898.))
((J. P. Monson, “The epidemiology of endocrine tumours,” Endocrine-Related Cancer, vol. 7, no. 1, pp. 29–36, 2000.)).

Despite being the most frequent [[pituitary tumor]]s, NFPAs are the least studied
((Vargas G, Gonzalez B, Ramirez C, Ferreira A, Espinosa E, Mendoza V, Guinto G, 
Lopez-Felix B, Zepeda E, Mercado M. Clinical characteristics and treatment
outcome of 485 patients with nonfunctioning pituitary macroadenomas. Int J
Endocrinol. 2015;2015:756069. doi: 10.1155/2015/756069. Epub 2015 Feb 8. PubMed
PMID: 25737722; PubMed Central PMCID: PMC4337176.
)).


Clinically, about 80% of all pituitary macroadenomas are nonfunctioning macroadenomas 
((Donovan LE, Corenblum B. The natural history of the pituitary incidentaloma. Arch Intern Med. 1995;155:181–3.))
((Fainstein Day P, Guitelman M, Artese R, et al. Retrospective multicentric study of pituitary incidentalomas. Pituitary. 2004;7:145–8.))
((Feldkamp J, Santen R, Harms E, et al. Incidentally discovered pituitary lesions: high frequency of macroadenomas and hormone-secreting adenomas—results of a prospective study. Clin Endocrinol (Oxf) 1999;51:109–13.))
((Sanno N, Oyama K, Tahara S, Teramoto A, KatoY Asurvey of pituitary incidentaloma in Japan. Eur J Endocrinol. 2003;149:123–7.)).
which will relatively grow in 50% cases
((Karavitaki N, Collison K, Halliday J, et al. What is the natural history of nonoperated nonfunctioning pituitary neuroendocrine tumors. Clin Endocrinol (Oxf) 2007;67:938–43.))
((Arita K, Tominaga A, Sugiyama K, et al. Natural course of incidentally found nonfunctioning pituitary neuroendocrine tumor, with special reference to pituitary apoplexy during follow-up examination. J Neurosurg. 2006;104:884–91.)).