===== Clinical Relevance =====

**Clinical relevance** refers to the practical importance of a medical finding, intervention, or observation in real-world clinical settings. It addresses whether the result has a meaningful impact on:

  * Patient care
  * Clinical decision-making
  * Diagnosis or treatment choices
  * Health outcomes (e.g., symptom control, survival, quality of life)

==== Key Characteristics ====
  * Improves or influences patient outcomes
  * Has implications for day-to-day clinical practice
  * Goes beyond statistical significance
  * Relevant to real-world settings, not only research conditions

==== Clinical vs. Statistical Significance ====
^ Term ^ Meaning ^
| **Statistical Significance** | Indicates a result is unlikely due to chance (e.g., p < 0.05) |
| **Clinical Relevance**       | Indicates a result is meaningful for patient care              |

*Example:* A treatment reduces hospital stay by 1 hour with p < 0.001 → statistically significant, but not necessarily clinically relevant.

==== Example in Neurosurgery ====
  * A new surgical technique that reduces complication rates by 20% → **clinically relevant**
  * A biomarker that predicts tumor subtype with 90% accuracy but does not alter treatment → **not clinically relevant**