====== Circumferential fusion ======

Circumferential [[fusion]] is basically a bi-directional (anterior and posterior) approach, with circumferential [[arthrodesis]]. This technique is best used to provide solid internal stability together with bony fusion
((Cooper PR, Operative management of cervical spine injuries.
Clin Neurosurg 1988; 34: 650-74.))
(( Capen DA, Garland DE, Waters RL. Surgical stabilization of
the cervical spine: a comparative analysis of anterior and
posterior spine fusions. Clin Orthop  1985; 196: 229-37.))
((Mc Afee PC, Bohlman HH: One stage anterior cervical
decompression and posterior stabilization with circumferential
arthrodesis: A study of twenty-four patients who had a
traumatic or neoplastic lesion. J Bone Joint Surg (Am) 1989; 71 A:  78-88)).

===== Circumferential lumbar spinal fusion =====
[[Circumferential lumbar spinal fusion]]