====== Cingulate gyrus glioma classification ======

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95 consecutive adult cases of primary [[cingulate gyrus glioma]]s that all underwent craniotomies and [[tumor resection]]. The patients were classified into unitary sub-region based on the four-division model. The information on clinical symptoms, pathology, EOR, postoperative neurological outcome, and survival was analyzed through group comparison.

[[Low-grade glioma]]s (LGGs) were more prevalent (69.47%) for the [[cingulate gyrus]]. [[Diffuse astrocytoma]] (40.00%) was the most common histopathological diagnosis in total. Regarding sub-regions tumor involvement, midcingulate cortex (MCC) glioma was most prevalent (54.74%) followed by anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) glioma. Among all patients, 83 patients (87.37%) received EOR ≥ 90%. In the LGG group, 58 patients (87.88%) received EOR ≥ 90%. The achievement of EOR significantly correlated with [[survival]] (P = 0.006). MCC cases were significantly associated with short-term morbidity in either language or motor function (P = 0.02). The majority of ACC cases (80.65%) escaped from any short-term deficits and nearly 90% were free of permanent morbidity. Tumors in the dominant hemisphere were significantly associated with language dysfunction or cognition dysfunction, either short-term (P=0.0006) or long-term morbidity (P=0.0111). Age was the only postoperative susceptible predictor for all types of transient (P=0.021) and permanent (P=0.02) neurological deficits.

Regarding cingulate gyrus glioma, the management of surgical plans could be carried out in four sub-region levels. Despite short-term neurological dysfunction caused by surgical procedures, the majority of transient dysfunction could be relieved or recovered in long term. The necessary effort to prolong overall survival is still to achieve advisable EOR
((Gong F, Jin L, Song Q, Yang Z, Chen H, Wu J. Surgical techniques and function outcome for cingulate gyrus glioma, how we do it. Front Oncol. 2022 Sep 26;12:986387. doi: 10.3389/fonc.2022.986387. PMID: 36226056; PMCID: PMC9549335.)).
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Tumors were classified as [[low-grade glioma]]s in 11 cases (29%). A [[glioblastoma multiforme]] ([[WHO Grade IV]], 10 cases [26%]) and [[oligoastrocytoma]] ([[WHO Grade III]], 9 cases [24%]) were the most frequent histopathological results. 
((von Lehe M, Schramm J. Gliomas of the cingulate gyrus: surgical management and functional outcome. Neurosurg Focus. 2009 Aug;27(2):E9. doi: 10.3171/2009.6.FOCUS09104. PubMed PMID: 19645564.)).