====== Cavernous sinus triangles ======

===== Dolenc's triangle =====


see [[Dolenc's triangle]]

There are 10 major anatomic triangles of the [[cavernous sinus]] and [[middle cranial fossa]]. The first was described by D. Parkinson in [[1965]], and this scheme has been expanded upon by many microanatomists to allow for safe and consistent approaches to the petrous and cavernous carotid, contents of the labyrinth and IAC, and lesions of the cavernous sinus.

Parkinson first described a triangle in the lateral wall of the [[cavernous sinus]] in the mid-1960s'
((A surgical [[approach]] to the cavernous portion of the [[carotid artery]]. Anatomical studies and [[case report]]. Parkinson D. J Neurosurg. 1965;23:474–483.))
((Transcavernous repair of [[carotid cavernous fistula]]. Parkinson D. J Neurosurg. 1967;26:420–424.)).

Since then, the oculomotor, Glassock’s and [[Kawase triangle]]s have been documented, but details of the other triangles are yet to be reported 
((Panel discussion: glomus jugulare tumors of the temporal bone. The surgical management of glomus tumors. Glasscock ME, Jackson GC, Dickins JR, et al. Laryngoscope. 1979;89:1640–1654.))
((Transpetrosal approach for aneurysms of the lower basilar artery. Kawase T, Toya S, Shiobara R, et al. J Neurosurg. 1985;63:857–861.)).
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1. [[Clinoidal Triangle]]


2. Oculomotor (Medial or Hakuba's) Triangle
· Borders:
1. [[Anterior petroclinoid dural fold]].

2. Posterior petroclinoid dural fold.
3. Interclinoid dural fold.
· Contents:
1. Occulomotor Nerve
2. Horizontal Segment of ICA

3. Supratrochlear (Paramedian) Triangle
· Borders:
1. Occulomotor Nerve
2. Trochlear Nerve
3. Tentorial Edge
· Contents:
1. Meningohypophyseal Trunk


4. [[Parkinson's triangle]].


Middle Fossa Triangles

5. Anteromedial (Mullan's) Triangle
· Borders:
1. Opthalmic Nerve (V1)
2. Maxillary Nerve (V2)
3. A line connecting Superior Orbital Fissure and Foramen Rotundum
· Contents:
1. Sphenoid Sinus
2. Opthalmic Vein
3. Abducens Nerve

6. Anterolateral Triangle
· Borders:
1. Maxillary Nerve (V2)
2. Mandibular Nerve (V3)
3. A line connecting Foramen Rotundum and Foramen Ovale
· Contents:
1. Lateral sphenoid wing
2. Spenoid emmissary vein
3. Cavernous-Pterygoid Venous Anastamosis
Middle_fossa_triangles
Parkinson's (Infratrochlear) Triangle 3

7. Posterolateral (Glasscock's) Triangle
· Borders:
1. Mandibular Nerve (V3)
2. Greater Superficial Petrosal Nerve
3. A line from Foramen Spinosum to Arcuate Eminence
· Contents:
1. Foramen Spinosum
2. Horizontal Petrous ICA (for anastamosis)
3. Infratemporal Fossa

8. Posteromedial (Kawase's) Triangle
This area is also known as The Rhomboid. Removal of the petrous bone within this triangle/quadrangle is an
anterior petrosectomy.
· Borders:
1. Mandibular Nerve (V3)
2. GSPN
3. Arcuate Eminence
4. Superior Petrosal Sinus
-or-
1. GSPN
2. Arcuate Eminence
3. A line connecting the hiatus fallopii and Meckel's Cave
· Contents:
1. Petrous Apex
2. IAC
3. Vertebrobasilar Junction
Contains cochlea.
9. Inferolateral Triangle
· Borders:
1. A line from the dural entries of the Trochlear and Abducens Nerve
2. A line from the dural entries of the Abducens Nerve and the Petrosal Vein
3. The petrous apex
Middle_fossa_triangles
Posterolateral (Glasscock's) Triangle 

· Contents:
1. Porous Trigeminii (Dural opening into Meckel's Cave)

10. Inferomedial Triangle
· Borders:
1. A line from the dural entries of the Trochlear and Abducens Nerve
2. A line from the dural entries of the Abducens Nerve and the Posterior Clinoid
3. The petrous apex
· Contents:
1. Porous Abducens (Dural opening into Dorello's Canal)
2. Gruber's Ligament