=====Cavernous sinus lesions=====
Resection of the [[cavernous sinus]] (CS) lesions has been a surgical challenge because the anatomy of the CS presents a high grade of complexity. 
Twenty-five patients with intracavernous sinus tumors were treated with a purely [[endoscopic endonasal approach]]. The indications, efficacy, surgical techniques, and complications of this approach were discussed. Gross total resection occurred in 19 cases (76%), subtotal resection occurred in 2 cases (8%), and partial resection occurred in 4 cases (16%) including pituitary neuroendocrine tumor in 10 cases (total 70%; subtotal 10%; partial 20%), meningioma in 6 cases (total 66.6%; subtotal 16.7%, partial 16.7%), schwannoma in 5 cases (100%, total 5), malignant tumor in 4 cases (total 75%; subtotal 25%). All patients experienced resolution or improvement of symptoms. No patient experienced intraoperative complication and new neurological deficit. Only 1 case of postoperative [[Cerebrospinal fluid fistula]] repaired via endoscopic endonasal approach on the 14th day after the surgery. The purely endoscopic endonasal approach to the CS in appropriately evaluated patients can be used to address a wide variety of benign and malignant tumor pathology with favorable outcomes and a low incidence of complications ((Qiuhang Z, Hongchuan G, Feng K, Ge C, Jiantao L, Mingchu L, Yuhai B, Feng L.
Resection of the intracavernous sinus tumors using a purely endoscopic endonasal 
approach. J Craniofac Surg. 2014 Jan;25(1):295-302. doi:
10.1097/SCS.0000000000000428. PubMed PMID: 24406594.)).

[[Cavernous sinus hemangioma]].

[[Cavernous sinus dural arteriovenous fistula]]

[[Cavernous sinus epidermoid]].

[[Cavernous sinus meningioma]]

[[Cavernous sinus thrombosis]]