===== Cargo Loading =====

**Cargo loading** is the process of introducing functional molecules into [[extracellular_vesicle|extracellular vesicles (EVs)]] to enable targeted delivery and therapeutic action.

==== Types of Cargo ====
  * Proteins (e.g., Cas9, Cre recombinase)
  * Nucleic acids (e.g., mRNA, siRNA)
  * Small molecules and drugs
  * Fluorescent tags (e.g., EGFP, mCherry)

==== Loading Strategies ====
  * '''Passive loading''': relies on natural EV sorting (low efficiency)
  * '''Engineered loading''': uses molecular tags to actively recruit cargo during EV biogenesis
  * '''Post-isolation loading''': includes electroporation, sonication, or incubation methods

==== Example: Engineered Loading ====
In Obuchi et al. (2025), CD63 was modified to recruit nanobody-tagged cargo via mCherry interaction, enabling selective and efficient loading into EVs.