====== Burnout ======

//J.Sales-Llopis//

//Neurosurgery Service, Alicante University General Hospital, Alicante Spain.//

===== Latest Pubmed Related Articles =====
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[[Neurosurgery]] is a rewarding [[career]] choice, but numerous [[challenge]]s and [[stressor]]s can lead to lower levels of [[satisfaction]] and dangerously increased levels of [[burnout]]
((Zaed I, Jaaiddane Y, Chibbaro S, Tinterri B. Burnout Among Neurosurgeons and Residents in Neurosurgery: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of the Literature. World Neurosurg. 2020 Nov;143:e529-e534. doi: 10.1016/j.wneu.2020.08.005. Epub 2020 Aug 7. PMID: 32777406; PMCID: PMC7413160.)).

[[Burnout]] is a negative [[workplace]] syndrome of [[emotional exhaustion]], [[cynicism]], and perceived professional [[inefficacy]] that risks the patient-provider relationship, [[patient care]], and physician [[well-being]].
Noticeable methodological differences in studies on [[trainee]] and attending burnout contribute to a wide range of neurosurgery burnout estimates and yield significant knowledge gaps. The [[environment]] may have a greater impact on trainee burnout than demographics. [[Wellness]] programs should emphasize solidarity
((Mackel CE, Nelton EB, Reynolds RM, Fox WC, Spiotta AM, Stippler M. A Scoping Review of Burnout in Neurosurgery. Neurosurgery. 2021 Apr 15;88(5):942-954. doi: 10.1093/neuros/nyaa564. PMID: 33471896.))

===== Burnout in neurosurgeons =====

[[Burnout in neurosurgeons]].

===== Definition =====

[[Burnout Definition]].

===== Risk factors =====

[[Burnout risk factors]].

===== Clinical features =====
[[Burnout]] is defined by [[lethargy]], [[pessimism]], constant [[complaining]], and [[indifference]] due to excessive [[work]], [[study]], and [[activity]].

It is composed of 3 different subdimensions, namely [[emotional exhaustion]] (EE), [[depersonalization]] (DP) and reduced [[personal accomplishment]] (PA). 

===== Differential diagnosis =====

[[Burnout differential diagnosis]].


=====Surveys =====

[[Burnout survey for neurosurgeons]].


===== Complications =====

Ignored or unaddressed job burnout can have significant consequences, including:

Excessive [[stress]]

[[Fatigue]]

[[Insomnia]]

Sadness, anger, or irritability

[[Alcohol]] or substance misuse

Heart disease

High blood pressure

Type 2 diabetes

Vulnerability to illnesses

Only more severe (i.e., clinical) manifestations of burnout are linked to [[creativity]].

===== Prevention =====

Effective [[leadership]] is imperative and clinically has been shown to improve [[team efficacy]], patient [[outcome]]s, and staff [[engagement]], as well as reduce physician burnout and [[medical error]]s.
But despite the demonstrated benefit of effective leadership on improving [[clinical outcome]]s and reducing [[burnout]], there is a lack of formal [[leadership training]] in [[residency]] programs
((Hengy M, Farooqui S, Dimitrion P, Fotouhi A, Daveluy S. Leadership training in dermatology: a narrative review. Int J Dermatol. 2022 Nov 23. doi: 10.1111/ijd.16510. Epub ahead of print. PMID: 36416618.)).

[[Resilience]] 

===== Management =====

[[Burnout Management]]







===== Systematic reviews =====



Clinical experience suggests that curbing physician [[burnout]] requires a combination of workplace redesigns, positive [[leadership]] behaviors, and [[resilience]] training that teaches practical applications from the fields of resilience, emotional intelligence, positive psychology, and relationship systems
((Sotile WM, Fallon RS, Simonds GR. Moving From Physician Burnout to Resilience.
Clin Obstet Gynecol. 2019 Sep;62(3):480-490. doi: 10.1097/GRF.0000000000000444.
PubMed PMID: 31344003.
)).
----





===== COVID-19 Pandemic =====

[[Burnout in COVID-19 Pandemic]].

===== Palliative care physician =====

Over one-third of palliative medicine, physicians meet burnout criteria. The provision of enhanced organizational and colleague support is paramount in both the current and future pandemics
((Boland JW, Kabir M, Spilg EG, Webber C, Bush SH, Murtagh F, Lawlor PG. Over a third of palliative medicine physicians meet burnout criteria: Results from a survey study during the COVID-19 pandemic. Palliat Med. 2023 Feb 15:2692163231153067. doi: 10.1177/02692163231153067. Epub ahead of print. PMID: 36789968.)).

===== References =====