====== Bulbar-cervical dissociation ======

This occurs as a result of [[spinal cord injury]] at or above ≈ [[C3]] (includes [[SCI]] from [[atlantooccipital]] and [[atlantoaxial dislocation]]). Bulbar-cervical dissociation produces immediate pulmonary and, often, [[cardiac arrest]]. Death results if [[CPR]] is not instituted within minutes. Patients are usually quadriplegic and ventilator-dependent (phrenic nerve stimulation may eventually allow independence from the ventilator).