====== Blast mild traumatic brain injury ======

Muelbl et al. from [[Milwaukee]] previously reported elevated [[oxycodone]] seeking after [[drug]] self-administration in [[rat]]s that received repeated [[blast traumatic brain injury]] (rbTBI). [[Traumatic brain injury]] and exposure to [[drug]]s of abuse can each change structural and functional [[neuroimaging]] [[outcome]]s, but it is unknown if there are interactive effects of [[injury]] and drug exposure. To determine the effects of TBI and oxycodone exposure, they subjected rats to rbTBI and oxycodone self-administration and measured drug seeking and several neuroimaging measures. They found interactive effects of rbTBI and oxycodone on [[fractional anisotropy]] (FA) in the [[nucleus accumbens]] (NAc) and that FA in the [[medial prefrontal cortex]] (mPFC) was correlated with drug-seeking. They also found an interactive effect of injury and drug on widespread [[functional connectivity]] and regional homogeneity of the blood oxygen level-dependent ([[BOLD]]) response, and that intra-hemispheric [[functional connectivity]] in the infralimbic medial [[prefrontal cortex]] positively correlated with drug-seeking. In conclusion, rbTBI and oxycodone self-administration had interactive effects on structural and [[functional magnetic resonance imaging]] (MRI) measures, and correlational effects were found between some of these measures and drug-seeking. These data support the hypothesis that TBI and [[opioid]] exposure produce neuroadaptations that contribute to [[addiction]] liability
((Muelbl MJ, Glaeser BL, Shah AS, Chiariello RA, Nawarawong NN, Stemper BD, Budde MD, Olsen CM. Repeated [[blast mild traumatic brain injury]] and [[oxycodone]] self-administration produce interactive effects on [[neuroimaging]] outcomes. Addict Biol. 2022 Mar;27(2):e13134. doi: 10.1111/adb.13134. PMID: 35229952.)).
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