====== Autonomic nervous system dysfunction ======

[[Autonomic nervous system]] (ANS) [[dysfunction]] is a known entity in [[stroke]]s involving [[insula]]. It causes significant [[morbidity]] and [[mortality]]. 

A total of 50 patients with newly diagnosed [[insular glioma]] in the [[age]] group of 18-60 year, were evaluated with [[heart rate variability]] (HRV). All the HRV parameters in patients with insular glioma were compared with normal healthy [[age]] and [[gender]] matched controls.

There was a significant difference (p-value < 0.05) in most of the HRV parameters between patients and controls. Patients with left insular glioma showed significantly increased heart rate (p =0.027), LF nu (p=0.048), and also increased LF/HF (p=0.015), which indicates sympathetic dominance. Patients with [[seizure]]s had significantly lower values of total power (p=0.042). No significant difference was found in terms of the extent and size of the [[tumor]] or histopathological grades of [[glioma]]s.

Patients with insular gliomas have significant impairment of autonomic functions with left insular glioma showing sympathetic dominance. Suppression of autonomic function is more in those presenting with seizures
((Mishra A, John AP, Shukla D, Sathyaprabha T, Devi BI. Autonomic Function In
Insular Glioma - An Exploratory Study. World Neurosurg. 2018 Jul 20. pii:
S1878-8750(18)31585-7. doi: 10.1016/j.wneu.2018.07.107. [Epub ahead of print]
PubMed PMID: 30036712.
)).