====== Antiseptic solution ======

[[Antiseptic]]s in neurosurgery began with the use of [[hexamine]] in [[1925]] and has continued till present with the introduction of new drugs.

Aqueous-iodophor

Aqueous-CHG
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Aqueous-based iodophors such as [[povidone iodine solution]] (PVP-I) contain [[iodine]] complexed with a solubilizing agent that allows for the release of free iodine when in solution. Iodine acts in an antiseptic fashion by destroying microbial proteins and [[DNA]]. Iodophor-containing products enjoy widespread use because of their broad-spectrum antimicrobial properties, efficacy, and safety on nearly all skin surfaces in patients regardless of age. In the aqueous form, most commercially available iodophors require a 2-step application in a scrub-and-paint technique, and their activity is limited by the amount of time the agent is in contact with the skin.
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Alcohol-iodophor

Alcohol-CHG
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Ethyl and isopropyl alcohol are 2 of the most effective antiseptic agents available. When used alone, alcohol is fast and short acting, has broad-spectrum antimicrobial activity, and is relatively inexpensive.1 Alcohol-based solutions that contain CHG or iodophors have sustained and durable antimicrobial activity that lasts long after alcohol evaporation
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[[Betadine]]