====== Anion gap level ======

Normal results are 3 to 10 mEq/L, although the normal level may vary from lab to lab. If your results are higher, it may mean that you have metabolic acidosis.

A total of 89 patients with intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) were recruited. Of these, 68 and 21 patients were categorized into [[screening]] [[cohort]] and [[validation cohort]]s, respectively. In the screening cohort, patients were categorized into three groups, according to the serum [[anion gap]] [[level]]s at [[admission]]. Shen et al. dynamically recorded AG levels. Neurological and [[cognitive function]]s were assessed using the [[Glasgow coma scale]] (GCS), [[Glasgow outcome scale]] (GOS), and mini-mental state examination ([[MMSE]]) scale at different time points. Furthermore, in the validation cohort, 9 patients with increased AG levels underwent interventions to rectify the [[electrolyte]] imbalance.

In the screening cohort, statistical differences were observed for respiratory diseases (p=0.029) among the three groups. The number of patients in the ≥16 mmol/L group (59.3%) was higher than that in the other groups. The mean scores of GCS in the ≥16 mmol/L group were lower than those in the other groups. The AG levels at admission had significant associations with 180-day GOS (p=0.043) and 180-day MMSE (p=0.001). Among them, the mean scores of the 180-day GOS and 180-day MMSE were lower in the ≥16 mmol/L group than in the other groups. In the validation cohort, AG intervention promoted recoveries of neurological and cognitive functions when compared to those without AG interventions.

[[Anion gap level]] is a potential predictive [[biomarker]] for the long-term outcomes of [[spontaneous intracerebral hemorrhage]] patients, and rectifying AG at [[admission]] improves the [[spontaneous intracerebral hemorrhage prognosis]]
((Shen J, Li DL, Yang ZS, Zhang YZ, Li ZY. Anion gap predicts the long-term neurological and cognitive outcomes of spontaneous intracerebral hemorrhage. Eur Rev Med Pharmacol Sci. 2022 May;26(9):3230-3236. doi: 10.26355/eurrev_202205_28741. PMID: 35587074.)).