====== Angular gyrus ======

{{ ::angular_gyrus.png?400|}}

The [[inferior parietal lobule]] is composed primarily of the [[angular gyrus]] and [[supramarginal gyrus]]

The angular [[gyrus]] is a region of the brain in the [[parietal lobe]], that lies near the superior edge of the [[temporal lobe]], and immediately posterior to the [[supramarginal gyrus]]

Located just above the [[pinna]], important on the [[dominant hemisphere]] as part of [[Wernicke’s area]]. Note: there is significant individual variability in the location
((Ojemann G, Ojemann J, Lettich E, Berger M. Cortical Language Localization in Left, Dominant Hemi- sphere. An Electrostimulation Mapping Investi- gation in 117 Patients. J Neurosurg. 1989; 71:316– 326)).

The [[superior temporal sulcus]] terminates in the [[angular gyrus]].

It is involved in a number of processes related to [[language]], number processing and spatial cognition, memory retrieval, attention, and theory of mind. It is [[Brodmann area 39]] of the human brain.

[[Alexia]] and [[agraphia]] are disorders common to the left inferior [[parietal lobe]], including the [[angular gyrus]] and [[supramarginal gyrus]].

===== Connections =====

Connected to the ipsilateral frontal and caudal lateral prefrontal and inferior frontal regions
    
Caudate
    
Parahippocampal gyrus and hippocampus

Precuneus and superior frontal gyrus

Supramarginal gyrus

Via the

Superior longitudinal fasciculus.

Inferior occipitofrontal fasciculus

Inferior longitudinal fasciculus

Occipitofrontal fasciculus

Local arcuate
----
Burks et al. identified three major types of connections of the [[inferior parietal lobule]] (IPL). (1) Short association fibers connect the [[supramarginal gyrus]] and [[angular gyrus]], and connect both of these gyri to the [[superior parietal lobule]]
((Burks JD, Boettcher LB, Conner AK, Glenn CA, Bonney PA, Baker CM, Briggs RG,
Pittman NA, O'Donoghue DL, Wu DH, Sughrue ME. White matter connections of the
inferior parietal lobule: A study of surgical anatomy. Brain Behav. 2017 Mar
8;7(4):e00640. doi: 10.1002/brb3.640. eCollection 2017 Apr. PubMed PMID:
28413699; PubMed Central PMCID: PMC5390831.
)).

===== Clinical significance =====

Damage to the angular gyrus manifests as [[Gerstmann syndrome]]. Damage may impair one or more of the below functions.

•     [[Dysgraphia]]/[[agraphia]]: deficiency in the ability to write

•     [[Dyscalculia]]/[[acalculia]]: difficulty in learning or comprehending mathematics

•     [[Finger agnosia]]: inability to distinguish the fingers on the hand

Left-right disorientation

===== High Grade glioma =====
see [[Angular gyrus high grade glioma]].

===== References =====