====== Angioplasty ======

The technique of mechanically widening narrowed or obstructed [[artery]], the latter typically being a result of [[atherosclerosis]]. An empty and collapsed balloon on a guide wire, known as a [[balloon catheter]], is passed into the narrowed locations and then inflated to a fixed size using water pressures some 75 to 500 times normal blood pressure (6 to 20 atmospheres). 

The balloon forces expansion of the inner white blood cell/clot plaque deposits and the surrounding muscular wall, opening up the blood vessel for improved flow, and the balloon is then deflated and withdrawn. A stent may or may not be inserted at the time of ballooning to ensure the vessel remains open.

see [[Carotid artery angioplasty]]



Percutaneous transluminal angioplasty (PTA)

===== Intracranial angioplasty =====

see [[Intracranial angioplasty]].

====Case reports====
===2016===
Uno et al present the case of a patient who developed [[limb shaking transient ischemic attack]] associated with high-grade [[middle cerebral artery stenosis]] (M1), which was treated with percutaneous transluminal [[angioplasty]] (PTA). The procedure was performed successfully without complication and the symptom disappeared immediately after the procedure. The patient remained free of symptoms at the 38-month follow-up. There was no tendency of restenosis of M1. In this case, PTA was technically feasible and beneficial for limb-shaking TIA with M1 stenosis. Limb-shaking TIA can be a symptom of high-grade stenosis of M1
((Uno J, Mineta H, Ren N, Takagishi S, Nagaoka S, Kameda K, Maeda K, Ikai Y, Gi 
H. [A Case of Middle Cerebral Artery Stenosis Presented with Limb-Shaking TIA].
Brain Nerve. 2016 Jul;68(7):865-869. Japanese. PubMed PMID: 27395471.
)).