==== 🧠 Brain – Major Sulci and Gyri ==== * 🧩 **Central sulcus** – Separates frontal and parietal lobes. * 🌀 **Lateral sulcus (Sylvian fissure)** – Divides temporal from other lobes. * 🧠 **Precentral gyrus** – Primary motor cortex. * 🧠 **Postcentral gyrus** – Primary sensory cortex. ==== 🧠 Brain – Deep Structures ==== * 🔗 **Corpus callosum** – Connects both hemispheres. * 🎯 **Thalamus** – Relay of sensory/motor input. * ⚙️ **Brainstem** – Vital autonomic control. * 🍒 **Cerebellar tonsils** – Chiari malformation relevance. ==== 🧠 Brain – Ventricular System & Craniometrics ==== * 🔄 **Foramen of Monro** – Lateral to 3rd ventricle. * 🧬 **Aqueduct of Sylvius** – 3rd to 4th ventricle. * 📍 **Bregma** – Craniometric surgical landmark. ==== 🦴 Spine – Surface & Vertebral Landmarks ==== * 📌 **T4** – Nipple line. * 📌 **T10** – Umbilicus level. * 📏 **L4** – Level of iliac crest (lumbar puncture). ==== 🦴 Spine – Internal Neural Structures ==== * ⚡ **Conus medullaris** – Cord ends (L1–L2). * 🧵 **Cauda equina** – Nerve root bundle. * 🛡️ **Dural sac** – Ends at S2. * 🪢 **Filum terminale** – Cord anchoring. ==== 🦴 Spine – Key Vertebrae & Foramina ==== * 🌀 **C2 (Axis)** – Dens for rotation. * 💉 **L4–L5** – Common for lumbar puncture. * 🔌 **Intervertebral foramen** – Nerve exits.